32 bit destination IP address

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Presentation transcript:

32 bit destination IP address IP datagram format IP protocol version number 32 bits total datagram length (bytes) header length (bytes) head. len type of service ver length for fragmentation/ reassembly “type” of data fragment offset 16-bit identifier flgs max number remaining hops (decremented at each router) time to live upper layer Internet checksum 32 bit source IP address 32 bit destination IP address upper layer protocol to deliver payload to Options (if any) E.g. timestamp, record route taken, pecify list of routers to visit. data (variable length, typically a TCP or UDP segment) 4: Network Layer

IP Fragmentation and Reassembly network links have MTU (max.transfer size) - largest possible link-level frame. different link types, different MTUs large IP datagram divided (“fragmented”) within net one datagram becomes several datagrams “reassembled” only at final destination IP header bits used to identify, order related fragments fragmentation: in: one large datagram out: 3 smaller datagrams reassembly 4: Network Layer

IP Fragmentation and Reassembly ID =x offset =0 fragflag length =4000 One large datagram becomes several smaller datagrams ID =x offset =0 fragflag =1 length =1500 ID =x offset =1480 fragflag =1 length =1500 ID =x offset =2960 fragflag =0 length =1040 4: Network Layer

ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol used by hosts, routers, gateways to communication network-level information error reporting: unreachable host, network, port, protocol echo request/reply (used by ping) network-layer “above” IP: ICMP msgs carried in IP datagrams ICMP message: type, code plus first 8 bytes of IP datagram causing error Type Code description 0 0 echo reply (ping) 3 0 dest. network unreachable 3 1 dest host unreachable 3 2 dest protocol unreachable 3 3 dest port unreachable 3 6 dest network unknown 3 7 dest host unknown 4 0 source quench (congestion control - not used) 8 0 echo request (ping) 9 0 route advertisement 10 0 router discovery 11 0 TTL expired 12 0 bad IP header 4: Network Layer