Recordings from brainstem-spinal cord preparation and GABA content in the brain. Recordings from brainstem-spinal cord preparation and GABA content in.

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Recordings from brainstem-spinal cord preparation and GABA content in the brain. Recordings from brainstem-spinal cord preparation and GABA content in the brain. A, Examples of inspiration-related activity recorded from the cervical (C4) ventral root of isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations from E18.5 fetuses. Preparations from wild-type fetuses (top, Atp1a2+/+) showed spontaneous respiratory rhythm activity, which was absent in Atp1a2-/- preparation (bottom). Traces show raw filtered and integrated activities. B, Response to electrical stimulation of the VLM monitored by C4 nerve root recording in a brainstem-spinal cord preparation. Arrows indicate the time of stimulation. In Atp1a2+/+, response was observed at 0 min, when the brainstem-spinal cord preparation was transferred to in vitro, whereas no response was observed at the same time point in Atp1a2-/-. Responses were observed for both at 30 min. Representative time course of C4 response to VLM stimulation (right). The plateau level of response was set at 100% for each preparation. Note the lack of fluctuation of the response in Atp1a2-/-, indicating the absence of spontaneous respiratory rhythm activity. The 50% of recovery time was significantly slower in Atp1a2-/- (n = 6) compared with that in Atp1a2+/+ (n = 4), as shown in the box (p < 0.05). C, Left, GABA content was significantly higher in Atp1a2-/- whole brain than in Atp1a2+/+ and Atp1a2+/- brains. The values of the whole brain were normalized for protein content. The mean values of GABA for Atp1a2+/+ (+/+; n = 5), Atp1a2+/- (+/-; n = 8), and Atp1a2-/- (-/-; n = 9) are shown. Right, GABA content in the perfused fractions of the brain was significantly higher in Atp1a2-/- whole brain than in Atp1a2+/+ and Atp1a2+/- brains. The mean total values of GABA in the perfused fractions during the first 20 min for the Atp1a2+/+ (+/+; n = 6), Atp1a2+/- (+/-; n = 8), and Atp1a2-/- (-/-; n = 9) were normalized for input tissue protein amount. Data are mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01. Keiko Ikeda et al. J. Neurosci. 2004;24:10693-10701 ©2004 by Society for Neuroscience