Alterations in the Rap1 and PI3K–Akt signaling in afadin cKO mice.

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Alterations in the Rap1 and PI3K–Akt signaling in afadin cKO mice. Alterations in the Rap1 and PI3K–Akt signaling in afadin cKO mice. (A) Pulldown assay of Rap1 using the lysates from the colon of afadin cKO and control mice. The histogram shows the values of blots indicative of Rap1 activities (n=4). (B) Levels of phosphorylated Akt during the DSS treatment. Colon lysates were extracted with a cocktail of phosphatase inhibitors at days 0, 3, and 5 during the early course of DSS administration. Miki Tanaka-Okamoto et al. J Cell Sci 2011;124:2231-2240 © 2011.