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Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37 Figure 2 Changes in bone mineral density of cosmonauts after flights on the Mir space station Figure 2 | Changes in bone mineral density of cosmonauts after flights on the Mir space station. During spaceflight, the bone mineral density (BMD) of crewmembers undergoes substantial changes, with some areas of the skeleton, such as the bones of the head, showing an increase in BMD, and some regions, such as the femoral head and the spine, showing a decrease in BMD. Graph shows mean changes in areal BMD (aBMD) of male cosmonauts during 4.5–7 month-long flights on the Mir space station (shown as percentage change from pre-flight readings), obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) regional analyses. Data obtained from Oganov, V.S. The Skeletal System, Weightlessness, and Osteoporosis 88 (Slovo, Moscow, 2006)10. Vico, L. & Hargens, A. (2018) Skeletal changes during and after spaceflight Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2018.37