Complex Experiments.

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Complex Experimental Designs

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Presentation transcript:

Complex Experiments

Basic Experiment Simplest experimental design Two levels of one independent variable Compares only two groups

Increasing the Number of Independent Variables Manipulate more than one IV Typically, two or three IV’s are operating simultaneously - Closer approximation of real-world conditions

Factorial Designs Factorial designs More than one IV (or factor) All levels of each IV are combined with all levels of the other IV’s Simplest factorial is a 2 X 2 factorial design

Berkowitz and LePage (1967) 2 X 2 Factorial Design Factor A (IV1): Presence of a Weapon Level 1 = Gun Level 2 = Badminton Racket Factor B (IV2): Amount of Provocation Level 1 = High Provocation Level 2 = Low Provocation DV: Aggression: Number of shocks delivered

Other Factorial Designs 3 X 4 Factorial Design 2 X 3 Factorial Design 2 X 2 X 2 Factorial Design Identify the number of experimental conditions in each of these designs.

Main Effects and Interactions Interpretation of Factorial Designs Two kinds of information Main effect of an independent variable Interaction between the independent variables

Main Effects and Interactions A main effect tells us the effect each variable has by itself. An interaction tells us that the effect of one independent variable depends on the particular level of the other.

Brown, Novick, Lord, & Richards (1992)

IV x PV Designs Factorial designs with manipulated and nonmanipulated variables (sometimes called IV x PV designs Independent variable (IV) x participant variable (PV) Allows researchers to examine how different individuals respond to the same manipulated IV

Orth-Gomer et al. (2000)

Between and Within Group Designs Assignment procedures and factorial designs Two basic ways of assigning participants to conditions 1. Between (Independent) groups design 2. Within (Repeated measures) design Combination of the two basic ways is called a mixed factorial design

Example: Silverman et al (1978) Male’s ability at dart-throwing before and after subliminal presentation of a message “Beating Dad is OK” Poor design: Before Message After Message X

A better design?