Material check See blue syllabus for ALL materials needed out on desk. PRINT name on blue signature page so legible and submit to back Also- turn in final essay from weekend

Elements of Short Story English 1H Elements of Short Story Cornell Notes!!!!

Two types: novels and short stories Fiction Two types: novels and short stories

series of related events, each event connected definition of PLOT: series of related events, each event connected to the next, like links in a chain.

5 elements of plot... Plot triangle or slope

2. rising action (inciting incident) 3. climax 4. falling action 1. exposition 2. rising action (inciting incident) 3. climax 4. falling action 5. Resolution (denouement)

3)introduces the basic situation in which the characters are involved. Exposition 1)Presents characters 2)setting 3)introduces the basic situation in which the characters are involved.

Rising Action Complications develop, conflicts (inciting incident) emerge, suspense builds, and crisis occur.

Conflict (still Rising Action) 2 main types: 1. External conflict: takes place between a character and another person or between a character and something non-human. 2. Internal conflict: takes place inside a character’s mind.

(still Rising Action) 2 types of characters: 1. Protagonist Dynamic or static Main or minor 2. Antagonist

Characterization Physical description Character’s own speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions. Speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of OTHER characters provide another means of developing a character. Narrator’s own direct comments also serve to develop a character.

the person who drives the action, who has the want, who takes the step Protagonist- the person who drives the action, who has the want, who takes the step to get what she/he wants. "the good guy"

the person who is in the way of the protagonist getting Antagonist- the person who is in the way of the protagonist getting what he/she wants. "the bad guy"

Climax Rising action culminates into a climax at the most suspenseful moment. This is the key scene of the story when our emotional involvement is the greatest. Most unexpected!!!!!

Falling Action The intensity from the climax subsides, eventually winding down. Conflicts are resolved!

Resolution (denouement) This is always at the end of the story (sometimes only a paragraph). Struggles are all over and we know the outcome of the conflicts. The resolution “closes” the story.

As readers, we make meaning As readers, we make meaning. What a story means to us depends on who we are. Because you and I have had different experiences, lived in different places, known different people, we will see things differently. The meaning each of us creates from a text is therefore going to be our own.

What happens when we read? 6 things... Don’t need to copy

1. We connect with the text. “This reminds me of my sister.” “I had an experience like this.”

2. We ask questions. We ask about situations or statements that puzzle us. We ask about motives. We try to figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words.

3. We make predictions We wonder, “Is this what is going to happen next?” We test our predictions against the text.

4. We interpret We decide what the story means as a whole and how its parts work together.

5. We extend the text. We reflect on the meaning of the text and think about its larger significance. We think about how the text can extend to some universal aspect of human life.

6. We challenge the text. We might say, “This couldn’t possibly happen in real life.” “This character seems too good.” “I wish the story had a different ending.”

Point of View: Who is talking? Continue notes

Every story has a voice- a narrator whose view is one we share. 3 points of view:

1. Third person Omniscient Omniscient means “All Knowing”. This narrator is not a character in the story and never refers to him/herself with the first person pronoun “I”. This narrator tells us everything about every character.

2. First-person One of the characters in a story talks to us, using “I”. We can know only what this person sees and hears about events and about other characters.

What we know about other characters is limited. 3. Third-person limited The storyteller zooms in on just one character. We witness the events of a story just as this one character witnesses them. What we know about other characters is limited.

What often makes us remember a story is the idea on which it’s built The central idea of a story is its theme.

The theme is usually not directly in the story. It is something we as a reader need to draw upon. It is the “lesson learned”

Situational Verbal Dramatic Irony Note: For EACH short story we study we will focus on: Plot, vocabulary, author information and figurative language.

SS terms Allusion- reference of any literary, historical or mythological person, place or thing Analogy- a comparison between two things, for the purpose of explanation or clarification Dialect-speech of a particular region or group different from those of a real standard Dialogue- Conversation between characters Flashback- scene that interrupts the action of a word to show previous events Foreshadowing- use of hints or clues to suggest future action Imagery- words appealing to the senses

SS terms (cont’d) Metaphor- comparison of two unlike things not using like or as Mood- emotional atmosphere in literature Personification- kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects human characteristics Satire- the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize politics and other topical issues Simile- comparison of two things using like or as Tone- writer’s attitude toward the literature Word choice- author’s careful choice of words including meaning

Homework for Monday and Tuesday is to study! Quiz is Wednesday NO NOTES can be used. Most of these terms are REVIEW, make sure and highlight the terms that AREN’T, so you know what to specifically spend more time on. Quiz is 36 questions, multiple choice

TEST is 9/23 Will be able to use ALL notes taken on the test. Be diligent with your notes, assignments. If you get a wrong answer, edit/fix it so on the test you can answer questions accurately! Note: An organized spiral notebook would be great to keep all notes together.

Unfortunately, we are all done! Note taking is fun isn't it? Unfortunately, we are all done! Quiz next week on Elements of Short Story You need to study notes

Personal Narrative – one significant event Sensory imagery DETAIL!!!!!!!!!! Snap shot moment No contractions First person present tense