MϕRIP140KD mice show browning in vWAT.

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MϕRIP140KD mice show browning in vWAT. MϕRIP140KD mice show browning in vWAT. A: Body weight–normalized iWAT, vWAT, and BAT tissue mass (WT: n = 6; KD: n = 6). B: Left, histological staining of vWAT. Scale bars, 200 μm. Right, WT and KD mice were fed an ND or HFD for 15 weeks. Sections of vWAT were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and adipocytes were counted and presented as numbers per millimeter. C: qPCR results of mRNA levels in brown (left) and beige (right) fat markers in vWAT. D: mtDNA content and mitochondrial activity markers in vWAT. E: In vitro adipocyte differentiation using untreated (unconditioned medium), CM of WT, or RIP140 KD macrophage. F: Left, qPCR of relative TH mRNA levels in ATM of vWAT. Right, qPCR of relative TH mRNA levels in macrophages from WT or RIP140 KD, with or without IL-4 treatment. G: Analyses of energy expenditure of WT and KD mice. vO2 consumption was measured in the dark and light phases as described in research design and methods (WT: n = 12; KD: n = 12). H:Food intake was monitored and normalized to body weight. For A–F and H, Student test was used and presented as mean ± SD. For G, Student test was used and presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Pu-Ste Liu et al. Diabetes 2014;63:4021-4031 ©2014 by American Diabetes Association