Nucleic Acids Review

Definitions Nucleotide tRNA rRNA mRNA Made of sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base tRNA Carries amino acid to ribosome rRNA Forms part of ribosome structure mRNA Carries DNA template from nucleus to ribosome

Definitions DNA Replication Transcription Translation Nucleic Acid Making an exact copy of DNA Transcription Creating RNA from DNA Translation Interpreting RNA language to make a chain of amino acids Nucleic Acid Repeating units of nucleotides

What are the two types of nucleic acids? DNA & RNA What is the primary function of DNA? Stores genetic information Describe the structure of DNA? Double helix, 2 long chains of nucleotides What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base In which molecule of DNA does deoxyribonucleic acid get its name? Deoxyribose sugar

Draw and label a nucleotide: How are the bases of DNA paired together? A-T and C-G Give the complementary strand of the following original strand: GGTCGATCG CCAGCTAGC Compare and contrast DNA and RNA DNA is in the nucleus, RNA in the cytoplasm DNA double stranded, RNA single stranded DNA bases are ATCG, RNA bases are AUCG DNA sugar is deoxyribose, RNA sugar is ribose

Give the bonding rules of the base pairs in RNA. A-U and C-G Use your chart to give the genetic code of the following: (Amino Acids) mRNA: CUC AAG UGC UUC AA: Leu Lys Cys Phe Use your chart to complete the following DNA TCA GTC TTT ATG CTG ACT mRNA AGU CAG AAA UAC GAC UGA rRNA UCA GUC UUU AUG CUG ACU AA Ser Glu Lys Tyr Asp Stop

During translation, what does a ribosome bind to? mRNA strand What is a codon? Give an example of a codon of DNA. 3 base sequence Ex) TCA or UAG Explain the relationship between gene, chromosome, and DNA. Gene is a portion of a DNA strand, DNA strands are in the form of chromosomes

What is the process of DNA being changed to RNA called? How does the process of DNA replication ensure that the entire DNA code is present in every cell of an organism? All DNA is the same in every cell; replication makes an exact copy of DNA and DNA must replicate before the cell can divide What is the process of DNA being changed to RNA called? transcription Explain the role of peptide bonds in the translation process. Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids by the ribosome; long chain of amino acids folds to become a protein