Alvaro A. Cruz, MD, Robert M

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Presentation transcript:

Epithelial shedding is associated with nasal reactions to cold, dry air Alvaro A. Cruz, MD, Robert M. Naclerio, MD, David Proud, PhD, Alkis Togias, MD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 117, Issue 6, Pages 1351-1358 (June 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.054 Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Illustration of the various nasal provocation protocols used in this study. The top panel presents the protocols for the WMA or CDA provocations performed on the 10 CDA-sensitive subjects. The middle panel presents the protocol for the CDA challenge performed on the 10 CDA-insensitive subjects. The bottom panel presents the protocols for the allergen (Ag) and diluent (Dil) challenges performed on the 10 subjects with allergic rhinitis. Whereas the duration of CDA or WMA challenges was 15 minutes, only a few seconds were required for Ag or Dil to be administered into the nasal cavities. Arrows represent nasal lavages (short arrows indicate lavages with 5 mL Lactated Ringer, whereas tall arrows indicate lavages with 10 mL). For cell counts and differentials, pairs of returned lavage fluids were analyzed. PRE A, lavages 1 and 2; PRE B, lavages 6 and 7; BASELINE, lavages 8 and 9; POST, the 2 lavages performed 10 minutes after the respective nasal provocation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 1351-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.054) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Absolute numbers of epithelial cells in returned nasal lavage fluids. Data are presented as box plots with the middle horizontal lines indicating medians, the top and bottom of each box indicating the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the top and bottom of the error bars indicating the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. A, Data from the WMA and the CDA challenges performed on the group of CDA-sensitive subjects. B, Data from the CDA challenge performed on the group of CDA-insensitive subjects. C, Data from the allergen and diluent challenges performed on the group of subjects with allergic rhinitis. PRE A, Data obtained from the combined 2 initial lavages; PRE B, data obtained from the combined 6th and 7th initial lavages; BASELINE, data obtained from the combined 8th and 9th lavages, 1 hour before the initiation of the challenge; POST, data obtained from the 2 lavages performed 10 minutes after the end of the respective provocation (see Fig 1 for a more illustrative description of the protocols and the lavage sessions). The vertical axis label indicates that the number shown has to be multiplied by 10,000 for derivation of the total cell number. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 1351-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.054) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Changes from baseline after various nasal provocations in epithelial cell numbers per milliliter of returned nasal lavage fluids. Data are presented as box plots with the middle horizontal lines indicating medians, the top and bottom of each box indicating the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the top and bottom of the error bars indicating the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. AG, Allergen; DIL, diluent. The vertical axis label indicates that the number shown has to be multiplied by 10,000 for derivation of the total cell number. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 1351-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.054) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Concentrations of inflammatory mediators and reaction markers in nasal lavage fluids at baseline and 10 minutes after the CDA provocation in CDA-sensitive subjects and after the allergen provocation in subjects with allergic rhinitis (POST). Data are presented as box plots with the middle horizontal lines indicating medians, the top and bottom of each box indicating the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the top and bottom of the error bars indicating the 90th and 10th percentiles, respectively. P values indicate the level of statistical significance for the comparison of the POST to the respective BASELINE values. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006 117, 1351-1358DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.01.054) Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Terms and Conditions