Are You… ? Male Female Right Handed Left Handed Tall for Age Short for Age Blonde Brunette Brown-Eyed Blue-Eyed Green-Eyed Hazel-Eyed Are You… ?

Copy these down… Keyword Definition Dominant Recessive Alleles Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Copy these down… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mehz7tCxjSE

Genetic material inside the nucleus of a cell – known as the “blueprint for life.” DNA

What substance translates the genetic code? RNA- help translate the information from DNA to make Proteins. RNA is like the

This type of trait is only expressed when neither parent passes on a dominant allele. haploid

This is the PHYSICAL appearance of an organism based on its alleles. haploid

This type of allele is always expressed if passed on from even just one parent. metaphase

This is the different forms of a gene, like different eye colors, hair colors, etc. anaphase

This is the actual TYPEs of GENEs a person has. anaphase

Dominant- what do the capitol letters represent Dominant- what do the capitol letters represent? If these were both lower case letters we would call this ? (recessive) PP- Represents a genotype that is ______________ dominant. The individual gets the same copy of the allele from both parents.

Pp- Represents a genotype that is __________ Pp- Represents a genotype that is __________. Individual has one copy of dominant allele and one copy of recessive. Heterozygous-

Which trait will always show if it is present?

Alleles Alleles are different versions of the same gene: Gene = Eye Color Alleles = Brown, Green, Blue, Hazel We use an Upper Case letter to show the Dominant form of an allele and a Lower Case version of the SAME letter to represent the recessive (T= tall, t= short) Everyone has two alleles One from mom, one from dad Individuals with two of the same alleles are homozygous for that trait Individuals with one dominant copy and one recessive copy have a heterozygous genotype Alleles

Is genotype or phenotype what we see when we look at an organism?

Genotype and Phenotype Geno = Genes Genotype- alleles Phenotype- physical appearance, expression of alleles Pheno = Physical Genotype and Phenotype

Building a Punnett Square Draw FOUR boxes for a single cross Building a Punnett Square

Building a Punnett Square Parent 1 Label one side Parent 1 and the other Parent 2 Parent 2 Building a Punnett Square

Building a Punnett Square Parent 1 Place the two alleles for Parent 1 across the top, one per box. Place the two alleles for Parent 2 vertically across the side. Parent 2 Building a Punnett Square

Building a Punnett Square Parent 1 Perform the cross. Remember each Parent can only pass 1 allele to their offspring. So for the 2 alleles from each parent, you will have 4 possible outcomes. Parent 2 Let’s try it! Bb x Bb Building a Punnett Square

If we only see red-headed offspring, is red ALWAYS the only possible allele?

What is a ratio? In a cross with 2 heterozygotes, the phenotype ratio of the offspring will always be ___ : ___ meaning that 3 out of 4 will express (show) the dominant trait and only 1 out of 4 is likely to show the recessive Ratios

For 2 heterozygous individuals, the genotype ratio of their offspring will be 1:2:1, meaning that __ individual(s) will be homozygous dominant, __ individual(s) will be heterozygous, and __ individual(s) will be homozygous recessive. Ratios