CPI-444 efficacy requires CD8+ T cells and is associated with increased CD73 expression. CPI-444 efficacy requires CD8+ T cells and is associated with increased CD73 expression. A, Depletion of CD8+ T cells prior to CPI-444 monotherapy (100 mg/kg, left) or CPI-444 (100 mg/kg) + anti–PD-L1 (200 μg) combination treatment (right) abolishes antitumor efficacy in the MC38 tumor model. Anti-CD4 (clone GK1.5, 100 μg) and anti-CD8 (clone 53-6.72, 500 μg) were used for depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. B, CD73 expression was significantly higher in MC38 tumors treated with CPI-444 (100 mg/kg) + anti–PD-L1 (200 μg) relative to controls. CD73 was assessed by IHC and scored as a composite of frequency of expression × intensity of expression (scale: 1–5). Endothelial cell staining was excluded from the assessment. C, Anti–PD-L1 (200 μg) treatment increased CD73 expression on splenocytes from MC38 tumor–bearing mice. Significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). Stephen B. Willingham et al. Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6:1136-1149 ©2018 by American Association for Cancer Research