World History B Mr. Marijanovich/Mr. Schabo 27.2 A Worldwide Depression An economic depression in the United States spread throughout the world and lasted for a decade. Objectives Describe the impact of World War I on postwar Europe. Trace the events that led to the financial collapse of the U.S. economy. Analyze the worldwide effects of the Great Depression. World History B Mr. Marijanovich/Mr. Schabo
Revolution in the Arts Artists Rebel Against Tradition Artists want to depict inner world of mind Cubism transforms natural shapes into geometric forms Surrealism—art movement that links dreams with real life Composers Try New Styles Composers move away from traditional styles Jazz—musical style that captures age’s new freedom https://www.britannica.com/art/Surrealism https://surrealismtoday.com/nikolina-petolas-surreal-art/ Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Postwar Europe Unstable New Democracies Fall of kingdoms, empires creates new democracies in Europe People have little experience with representative government Some form coalition governments—temporary, multi-party alliances Frequent changes in government create instability Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
The Weimar Republic Weimar Republic—Germany’s democratic government formed in 1919 Government has serious weaknesses Inflation Causes Crisis in Germany Value of German currency falls dramatically Many Germans questioned democratic government Attempts at Economic Stability American loans help revive German economy Efforts at a Lasting Peace Germany and France sign treaty pledging no more war Many nations sign a similar agreement, the Kellogg-Briand pact (to not go to war with each other, didn’t work bro) Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Financial Collapse A Flawed U.S. Economy Weaknesses in American economy cause serious problems Wealth is distributed unevenly Most people are too poor to buy goods produced Factory owners cut back on production, lay off workers Farmers produce more food than people can eat Many farmers cannot repay loans and lose their land Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Financial Collapse, cont. The Stock Market Crashes Stock prices soar Many people buy stocks on credit Investors begin selling stocks, which lowers prices On October 29, 1929, stock market collapses as prices fall very low Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
The Great Depression Isolationists Policy Great Depression—long business slump of 1930s Marked by bank failures, loss of savings, unemployment Businesses fail, farmers lose land By 1933, one-fourth of Americans unemployed Isolationists Policy U.S. turns inward due to Great Depression Stays out of foreign affairs; focuses on economic recovery Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
The Great Depression, cont. A Global Depression American economic problems create problems in other countries World trade falls sharply Effects Throughout the World Germany and Austria suffer greatly, as do Asia and Latin America German hyperinflation at its finest, money is used for building blocks https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/hyperinflation-weimar-republic-1922/ Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Break! Stand up if the answer is true, put up a thumb down if the answer is false: Surrealism is art movement that links dreams with real life. - True Factory owners added production which allowed businesses to hire more workers. - False (Factories cut back production, laid off workers) The U.S. government stayed out of foreign affairs to focus on economic recovery.
The World Confronts the Crisis Britain Takes Steps to Improve Its Economy British voters elect coalition government, avoids political extremes Government brings about slow, steady economic recovery Preserves democracy by avoiding political extremes France Responds to the Economic Crisis France has more self-sufficient economy Preserves democracy in spite of economic troubles Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
The World Confronts the Crisis, cont. Socialist Governments Find Solutions Public works programs help Scandinavian countries recover Raises pensions, increases unemployment insurance, provides housing subsides Democracy remains intact Recovery in the United States Herbert Hoover’s administration unsuccessful at stopping recession Recession—period of reduced economic activity Franklin D. Roosevelt—American president during Depression New Deal—Roosevelt’s program of government reform to improve economy Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
The World Confronts the Crisis, cont. Keynesian Economics John Maynard Keynes publishes work that provides possible solution to Great Depression Argues ways government should provide full employment: government jobs programs changing tax policies modifying spending for public funding President Roosevelt adopts Keynesian economics after recession of 1936-37 What a stud! http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19651231,00.html Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
27.3 Fascism Rises in Europe In response to political turmoil and economic crises, Italy and Germany turned to totalitarian dictators. Objectives Describe Mussolini's creation of a fascist state. Discuss the rise of Hitler and the Nazis. Discuss how Hitler’s power extended and grew.
Fascism’s Rise in Italy Fascism is new, militant political movement Emphasizes nationalism and loyalty to authoritarian leader Mussolini Takes Control Italians want a leader who will take action Fascist Party leader, Benito Mussolini, promises to rescue Italy Italian king puts Mussolini in charge of government Il Duce’s Leadership Mussolini takes firm control of politics and economy in Italy Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Hitler Rises to Power in Germany Adolf Hitler—obscure political figure in 1920s Germany The Rise of the Nazis Nazism—German brand of fascism Hitler becomes Nazi leader, plots to seize national power Mein Kampf (English = My Struggle) - Hitler‘s book detailing beliefs, goals Hitler believes that Germany needs lebensraum, or living space (they’d want to take over parts of Europe) Germans turn to Hitler when economy collapses Hitler Becomes Chancellor Hitler is named chancellor Turns Germany into totalitarian state Uses brutal tactics to eliminate enemies Nazis take command of economy The Führer is Supreme Hitler takes control over every aspect of German life Uses press, radio, literature, painting, and film as propaganda tools Hitler Makes War on the Jews Nazis deprive Jews of rights, promote violence against them Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass) signals start of eliminating Jews from German life Via New York Post website Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Other Countries Fall to Dictators Most of eastern Europe falls to dictators Only Czechoslovakia retains democratic government World splits into two camps—democratic and totalitarian https://www.pinterest.com/pin/417145984215582142/ Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company