Irregular Migration: “Smuggling” vs. “Trafficking” With the consent of the person being smuggled Trafficking Various forms of exploitation, such as sexual exploitation, forced labour or slavery Achieved by force, by coercion or by deception

Trafficking in Persons in Southeast Asia Wide spread, but no reliable figures There is a political will to combat trafficking in persons: UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons 1997 ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime Bali Process Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking (COMMIT) Specific Protection Needs of Victims of Traficking are often not addressed Repatriation is the preferred solution

Protection Needs of Victims of Trafficking Identification of Victims of Trafficking Standardised Definitions and legal frameworks National Legislation Cooperation between governments and non-government organisations Response to Protection Needs Victims of Trafficking should not be treated as “illegal immigrants” Monitoring of conditions in shelters or detention centres “Witness protection” Return to home country RFL Service can be crucial Assistance for re-integration Psychosocial support Economic integration