Lesson 17.2a: War Affects Society

Essential Question How did the Civil War affect the lives of the civilians who remained home?

Vocabulary Copperhead: Northerner who wanted peace with the Confederacy instead of victory in the war. civilian: anyone not in the military conscription: forced into military service enlist: to voluntarily sign up to serve in the military or in some cause. bounty: cash bonus given for enlisting

More Vocabulary inflation: an increase in the prices for goods and services. income tax: a tax on earnings. greenback: paper money printed by the Union during the Civil War. desertion: abandoning one's military unit with no intention of returning.

What we already know… Public opinion remained divided in the North, where many people disapproved of Lincoln and the war.

What we already know… The Northern economy was much more industrialized than the Confederacy’s economy.

What we already know… Most of the fighting of the Civil War, and the worst of the destruction, would occur on Southern soil.

Disagreements About the War By 1863, many Southerners were growing weary of the war and its constant sacrifices. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War When food began to run out, food riots had broken out in several Southern cities, including Richmond, the capital city. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War Southern soldiers deserted the army in large numbers. By 1863, the Confederate army had shrunk by almost 40% due to casualties and desertion. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War Southerners, like Jefferson Davis believed the US Constitution upheld the individual sovereignty and independence of states over that of any central government. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War The same principle of states’ rights that led them to break with the Union, but also kept them from coordinating their war effort. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War Disagreements over the conduct of the war also arose in the North. Lincoln’s main opponents were the Copperheads, Northern Democrats who favored peace with the South. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Disagreements About the War President Lincoln had protesters arrested and suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which prevents the government from holding citizens without a trial. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

What did Southerners like Jefferson Davis believe the Constitution said about the rights of states? A. The constitution upheld the individual sovereignty and independence of states. B. States can secede from the Union, but only with Congressional approval. C. The rights of states are based on the Constitution. D. Under the Constitution, states may not secede from the Union under any circumstances.

How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine the Confederate war effort ? A. The South had few mines to provide natural resources that the Confederate war effort required. B. Each state worked in its own interest, preventing the coordination of efforts. C. Each state decided for itself how much of its mining wealth should be contributed to the government. D. Several states seceded from the Confederacy itself.

What is a Copperhead? A. A Southern abolitionist. B. Southerner who favored peace with the North instead of victory in the war. C. Follower of John Brown. D. Northerner who favored peace with the South instead of victory in the war. E. Person who helped runaway slaves escape through to the Union lines.

How did President Lincoln deal with Copperheads and war protests? A. He had many war protestors arrested. B. He tried to win them over to his viewpoint by using logic and persuasion. C. He suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which prevents the government from holding citizens without a trial. D. He exiled Copperheads and their families to the Confederacy. E. He ordered the execution of several leading Copperheads. ( Choose all that apply.)

The Draft Laws As the war dragged on and more soldiers were needed, the government passed conscription laws that required men to serve in the military. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Draft Laws Both sides allowed wealthy men to hire substitutes to serve in their place. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Draft Laws Confederate conscription laws required all men between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions. Mayflower Compact = self rule One exception was planters who owned 20 or more slaves did not have to serve in the Confederate army.

The Draft Laws Poor Southerners complained that it was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.” Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Draft Laws The Union government could afford to offer bounties (money) to men who volunteered to serve. The North also needed fewer men men to be drafted. Mayflower Compact = self rule

The Draft Laws Even so, the draft was extremely unpopular. New York City suffered four days of riots, during which rioters destroyed property, attacked people on the streets, and killed many African Americans. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War Food shortages were very common in the South. One reason was so many farmers were away fighting in the war.

Economic Effects of the War Another reason for the food shortages was that farmers insisted of planting food crops planted cash crops like cotton instead.

Economic Effects of the War Whenever the Northern armies drew near, many slaves ran away to Union lines, depriving the Confederacy of labor. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War Southern civilians rioted over food shortages in several Confederate cities, including Richmond, the capital. Rioters broke into shops and stole food and other goods Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War Inflation made life harder for working people, to purchase basic needs. Some prices rose as much as 9,000 percent. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War Overall, war production boosted industry and fueled the Northern economy. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War Eventually, manufacturing would begin to replace farming as the basis of the national economy. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War In 1861, to help pay for the war, the Union established the first income tax. People making between $600 and $10,000 paid 3% of their earnings to the government. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Economic Effects of the War To help pay for the war, the Union printed money. The money was printed on both sides. The money was called greenbacks since one side was printed in green ink. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Resistance by Slaves With so many Southern men off to war, slaves often resisted by slowing their pace of work or stopping altogether.

Resistance by Slaves Acts of sabotage against crops and farm equipment were very common.

Resistance by Slaves A few slaves even rose up in rebellion against their owners.

Resistance by Slaves After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, even more slaves ran away from plantations, with as many as half a million having fled to Union lines by the end of the war. Mayflower Compact = self rule

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

How did the draft laws in the North and South differ? A . Only the North required all men between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions. B. Only the Confederacy allowed draftees to hire substitutes to serve in their place. C. The North offered volunteers a bounty of $300, which led to more volunteers. D. The Union allowed very wealthy farmers to be exempt from military service.

What was the main reason the South experienced food shortages? A . Too many farmers were away fighting in the army. B. Food was being sent to the front to feed the army. C. Farmers planted cash crops like cotton instead of food crops. D. Slaves that could have produced food were drafted into the Confederate army.

What was the main reason the South experienced food shortages? A . Too many farmers were away fighting in the army. B. Food was being sent to the front to feed the army. C. Farmers planted cash crops like cotton instead of food crops. D. Slaves that could have produced food were drafted into the Confederate army.

Which was the least common form of slave resistance? A. Slowing down or stopping work. B. Breaking tools and farm equipment. C. Rising up against their masters. D. Running away to the Union army. E. Destroying crops.

A and B Discuss The South had times during the war when they suffered through food shortages. What could be a reason that the South continued to grow cash crops like cotton instead of food?