Fig. 1 Sex change in the bluehead wrasse.

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Fig. 1 Sex change in the bluehead wrasse. Sex change in the bluehead wrasse. Schematic of sex change summarizing changes in external coloration, behavior, serum steroid levels, and gonadal histology across time. Within hours of removing TP males, the largest female displays aggression and male courtship behaviors, and adopts darker spawning coloration, but still has healthy ovaries (stage 1). Transitioning females establish dominance within 1 to 2 days, after which serum estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] levels collapse and ovarian atresia is observable (stage 2). Ovarian atresia is advanced by 3 to 4 days (stage 3). Testicular tissues are observed by days 4 to 5, and serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) begins to rise (stage 4) before spermatogenesis begins by days 6 to 7 (stage 5). Within 8 to 10 days, transitioning fish are producing mature sperm and successfully reproducing with females (stage 6). Full TP male coloration develops within ~20 days. Gonadal stages are classified according to (17). Hormonal changes are predicted on the basis of patterns in the congener Thalassoma duperrey (17). For detailed descriptions of behavioral and morphological changes, see (5, 18). Photo credit: J. Godwin, North Carolina State University (fish images); H. Liu, University of Otago (histology images). Erica V. Todd et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaaw7006 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).