Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation Complicated by Absence of Right Superior Vena Cava and Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Hiroki Kato, MD, Teruaki Ushijima, MD, PhD, Yuta Horiguchi, MD, Go Watanabe, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 95, Issue 6, Pages e157-e158 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.12.005 Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Transthoracic echocardiography reveals a dilated coronary sinus (CS) on the parasternal long-axis view. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 95, e157-e158DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.12.005) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 (A) Volume-rendered, three-dimensional reconstruction of contrast medium–enhanced, multidetector computed tomography showing the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) descending on the left side of the thorax and absence of the right superior vena cava (RSVC). Ao = aorta; PA = pulmonary artery. (B) Multiplanar reformatted image reveals the persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into a dilated coronary sinus (CS). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2013 95, e157-e158DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.12.005) Copyright © 2013 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions