Valproic acid reversed pathologic endothelial cell gene expression profile associated with ischemia–reperfusion injury in a swine hemorrhagic shock model

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Valproic acid reversed pathologic endothelial cell gene expression profile associated with ischemia–reperfusion injury in a swine hemorrhagic shock model Marlin Wayne Causey, MD, Shashikumar Salgar, PhD, Niten Singh, MD, Matthew Martin, MD, Jonathan D. Stallings, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 1096-1103.e51 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.060 Copyright © 2012 Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Study protocol depicts the timeline of interventions. Of note, the cross-clamp was placed on the supraceliac aorta. IJ, Internal jugular; IVC, inferior vena cava; PA, pulmonary artery; VPA, valproic acid. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1096-1103.e51DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.060) Copyright © 2012 Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Heat map (red, higher expression; green, lower expression) demonstrated significant changes in gene expression in three areas. Identified were (A) 183 genes that valproic acid (VPA) treatment reversed, similar to sham pigs; (B) 232 genes that were similar to sham in only 50% of the VPA-treated pigs, and (C) genes that were unlike the sham or VPA-treated or untreated hemorrhage injury-control (HIC) swine. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1096-1103.e51DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.060) Copyright © 2012 Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Comparison shows relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction results (black bars) with microarray results (open bars). Data are represented as fold-change with the standard deviation (error bars). A–D, Analysis is shown for the mean relative transcript (black bars) from four sham, three injured, and five valproic acid (VPA) specimens in triplicate from sham, injury, and VPA animals vs five sham, five injured, and six VPA microarray results. E and F, The same analysis is represented; however, enough RNA remained to run an analysis of two injured animals. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1096-1103.e51DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.060) Copyright © 2012 Terms and Conditions