Histones acetylation is decreased in H3K9 and H3K27 in chronically mtDNA-depleted cells because of decreased HAT activity. Histones acetylation is decreased.

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Acetylation Regulates Transcription Factor Activity at Multiple Levels

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Histones acetylation is decreased in H3K9 and H3K27 in chronically mtDNA-depleted cells because of decreased HAT activity. Histones acetylation is decreased in H3K9 and H3K27 in chronically mtDNA-depleted cells because of decreased HAT activity. (A) Representative Western blots of different histone H3 acetylation marks in rho+ and rho0 cells; graph represents average data from N = 3 independent experiments. (B) HDAC activity was gauged based on a fluorometric assay using nuclear extracts of rho+ or rho0 cells (N = 6), including after 24-h incubation with 20 mM of butyrate to inhibit HDACs (N = 4). (C) HAT activity was estimated using a fluorescent assay and a standard curve (N = 5). Included were also a positive control provided by the assay and two negative controls that excluded acetyl-CoA or included assay buffer instead of sample. (D) Total levels of acetyl-CoA were estimated using deproteinized samples in a fluorescent-based assay and a standard acetyl-CoA curve. N = 3 biological replicates. Statistical analysis for HAT, HDAC, and acetyl-CoA measurements was performed using t test. (E) Representative Western blots probing phosphorylated and total ACL levels in three independent biological replicates of rho+ and rho0 cells. Graph depicts normalization of the data to actin for each antibody in each of the cell types. (F) Western blots probing levels of PDH and ACSS2 in whole cells and cytosolic or nuclear fractions of rho+ (left panels) and rho0 (right panels). β-actin was used as a marker of cytosolic and RNA Pol II of nuclear fractions, respectively. Western blots statistical differences were tested using ANOVA; error bars in all panels represent ±SEM. Oswaldo A Lozoya et al. LSA 2019;2:e201800228 © 2019 Lozoya et al.