Function, Structure, and Associated Biomolecule Cell Organelles: Function, Structure, and Associated Biomolecule

Mitochondria (Eukaryotes Only) Function: Powerhouse of the cell converts glucose energy into a usable form ATP energy! (Cellular Respiration) Structure: Two membranes Inner membrane is highly folded Active cells like muscle cells will have more Associated Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Chloroplast (Eukaryotes Only) Function: Carry out photosynthesis to convert solar energy into glucose Structure: Two membranes with stacks of discs called thylakoids Contains chlorophyll pigment which makes it green Associated Biomolecules: Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acid Have DNA

Vesicle (Eukaryotes only) Function: Transports molecules around the cell (or outside the cell) Helps remove waste/ debris from the cell Structure: A membrane sac with transported molecules inside Smaller than a vacuole Associated Biomolecules: Lipids

Cell Membrane (Both cell types) Function: Controls what enters and leaves the cell Helps Maintain Homeostasis Structure: A Phosolipid bilayer with embedded proteins (Lipid bilayer) Within the cell wall Associated Biomolecules: Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates

Cell Wall (All Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, besides animal cells) Function: Provides structure, support, rigidity, and protection. Structure: Outside of the cell membrane Made of Carbohydrates with embedded proteins Contains cellulose in plants Associated Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

Ribosome (Both cells) Function: Structure: Associated Biomolecules: The site of protein synthesis. Structure: Each cell contains thousands Composed of rRNA & protein 2 units – 1 large, 1 small Free in cytoplasm Attached to the Rough ER Associated Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids Protein

Cytoplasm (both Cells) Function: Support and cushion/protect organelles In Bacteria, DNA is suspended in Cytoplasm Structure: Gel-like fluid within the cell Associated Biomolecules: Protein

Flagella (Flagellum) Function Structure Associated Biomolecules Enables protista, bacteria, and sperm cells to swim Motility= Movement Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell Structure Flagellum – long whip-like Associated Biomolecules Proteins