19 augustus 2019 Mining Social Networks Uncovering interaction patterns in business processes Prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University of Technology.

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19 augustus 2019 Mining Social Networks Uncovering interaction patterns in business processes Prof.dr.ir. Wil van der Aalst Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Information and Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands w.m.p.v.d.aalst@tm.tue.nl 1 Joint work with Minseok Song, Ana Karla Alves de Medeiros, Boudewijn van Dongen, Ton Weijters, et al.

Outline Motivation Process mining Social network analysis Metrics Overview Classification Tooling Social network analysis Metrics MiSoN Application Conclusion

Motivation Process-aware information systems (WFMS, BPMS, ERP, SCM, B2B) log events. Many event logs also record the “performer”. Social Network Analysis (SNA) started in the 30-ties (Moreno) and resulted in mature methods and tools for analyzing social networks. Process Mining (PM) is a new technique to extract knowledge from event logs. Research question: Can we combine SNA and PM?

process mining Process mining Process mining can be used for: Process discovery (What is the process?) Delta analysis (Are we doing what was specified?) Performance analysis (How can we improve?) www.processmining.org

Process mining: Overview 2) process model 3) organizational model 4) social network 1) basic performance metrics 5) performance characteristics 6) auditing/security If …then …

Process Mining: Tooling

Social Network Analysis Started in 30-ties (Moreno). Graph where nodes indicate actors (performers/individuals). Edges link actors and may be directed and/or weighted. Metrics for the graph as a whole: density Metrics for actors: Centrality (shortest path/path through) Closeness (1/sum of distances) Betweenness (paths through) Sociometric status (in/out) John Mary Bob Clare June

Metrics Each event refers to a case, a task and a performer (event type, data, and time are optional). Four types of metrics: Metrics based on (possible) causality Metrics based on joint cases Metrics based on joint activities Metrics based on special event types

Example: Metrics based on (possible) causality Hand-over of work metrics In-between metrics (subcontracting)

Hand-over of work metrics: Parameters Real causality or not? Consider hand-overs that are indirect? (If so, add causality fall factor.) Consider multiple transfers within one case? Note that there are at least 8 variants.

MiSoN (Mining Social Networks) tool Uses standard XML format (www.processmining.org) Adapters for Staffware, FLOWer, MQSeries, ARIS, etc. Interfaces with SNA tools like AGNA, NetMiner, etc.

Real analysis in SNA tools types of metrics graph view Screenshot matrix view Real analysis in SNA tools operations supported

Case study Only preliminary results Dutch national works department (1000 workers) Responsible for construction and maintenance of infrastructure in province. Process: Processing of invoices from the various subcontractors and suppliers Log: 5000 cases and 33.000 events. Focus on 43 key players

SN based on hand-over of work metric density of network is 0.225

Ranking of performers Ranking Name Betweenness IN-Closeness OUT-Closeness Power 1 rogsp 0.152 0.792 jansgtam 0.678 bechccm 4.102 2 0.141 0.667 2.424 3 0.085 prijlgm 0.75 0.656 hulpao 1.964 4 eerdj 0.079 0.689 0.635 groorjm 1.957 5 0.065 frida schicmm 0.625 hopmc 1.774 … 39 ernser, broeiba, fijnc, hulpao, blomm, berkmhf, piermaj, passhgjh, beheerder1 blomm berkmhf 0.381 passhgjh 0.001 40 0.331 timmmcm 0.385 0.005 41 piermaj 0.375 0.404 poelml 0.007 42 fijnc 0.382 0.417 43 leonie 0.426 0.009 Ranking of performers

SN based on subcontracting

SN based on working together (and ego network)

SN based on joint activities

SN based on hand-over of work between groups

Relating tasks and performers (using correspondence analysis)

Conclusion Combining process mining and SNA provides interesting results. MiSoN enables the application of SNA tools based on “objective data”. There are many challenges: Applying PM/SNA in organizations Improving the algorithms (hidden/duplicate tasks, …) Gathering the data Visualizing the results Etc. Join us at www.processmining.org

More information http://www.workflowcourse.com http://www.workflowpatterns.com http://www.processmining.org W.M.P. van der Aalst and K.M. van Hee. Workflow Management: Models, Methods, and Systems. MIT press, Cambridge, MA, 2002/2004.