The Renaissance Chapter 17

I. Cities A. Florence - most famous city of Renaissance 1.) first to grow rich (wool & cloth) 2.) had many famous artist 3.) beautiful landscape (hills & river) 4.) banking made $

B. Venice- the wealthiest city 1.) wealthiest city of all 2.) wealth came from ship building & trade! 3.) more canals than roads

Write three facts each on : Francisco Petrarch Dante Alighieri Chaucer Leonardo Di Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Jack Van Eyck Shakespeare USE PAGES 618 - 626

Renaissance Bio Sketch With your group, draw a picture of the Renaissance figure you are assigned. Instead of just a statue-like picture, the person could be engaged in a scene or activity that exemplifies the important attributes of the individual. Think about ways to portray your person that communicates important information about their life, actions, and times. What could they be wearing, holding, saying, doing At the bottom of your poster, write a 2-3 paragraphs with a summary of the persons life. Tonight a group member or member should print out some outside research about your individual and bring it in to include in the biosketch . You will present these to the class.

II.)Italian Renaissance Artist A. Literature: 1.) Francesco Petrarch a.) poet b.) wrote about famous Romans c.) wrote in other vernaculars

2.) Dante Alighieri a.) wrote the Divine Comedy b.) very active in politics 3.) Chaucer a.) English writer b.) wrote The Canterbury Tales

B.) Artist 1.) Leonardo da Vinci a.) artist, scientist, historian, engineer b.) painted The Last Supper c.) painted Mona Lisa

2.) Raphael a.) became known as Italy's best painter b.) painted School of Athens

3.) Michelangelo a.) painted, sculpted, designed buildings b.) painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel c.) felt gifted by God d.) most famous statue is Statue of David

Gutenberg Press: 1450s - Invented by Johannes - Printing press that revolutionized Europe - Could mass produce books on science and technology - literacy increased - Guttenberg Bible 1st book printed

Humanism: Based on values of Greeks and Romans The individual and human society are important Balance of faith and reason Encouraged achievement Human mind capable of great things

III. Northern Renaissance A. Late 1400s, spread to Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany B. invented oil paintings

C. Most known artist 1.) Jack Van Eyck a.) master of oil paintings b.) most famous paintings was married couple (very detailed)

2.) Albrecht Dürer a.) painter who used perspective & fine detail b.) most famous was Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

3. William Shakespeare a.) most famous English writer b.) wrote three types of plays: 1.) tragedies 2.) comedies 3.) historical plays

IV. Calls for Church to Reform Luther Biography Born 1483, Germany Struck by lightning while riding Became a monk Taught at university in Wittenberg Plague makes him think about death/salvation

IV. Calls for Church to Reform 1517- a monk Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church. Roman Catholic – go to heaven through sacraments and good works Pope’s authority Sale of indulgences – pardons for sin Raise money for repair of St. Peter’s Basilica

IV. Calls for Church to Reform B. “95 Theses” 1. 95 arguments against indulgences 2. Luther nails them to door of Wittenberg Church 3. Copied & circulated in Germany C. Luther’s ideas gain momentum 1. Pope excommunicates Luther 2. Beginning of denominations – Lutheranism D. Peasant rebellion against treatment by nobles 1. rebellion put down 2. Luther preaches to obey govt.

IV. Calls for Church to Reform E. Lutheranism 1. faith in Jesus, not good works, brings salvation 2. Bible is final source for truth, not Pope/clergy 3. church made of all believers, not just clergy

Lorenzo de Medici Italian City States Republics Only artisans and merchants were citizens Often ruled by a powerful individual or family Venice had a duke or doge Doge elected by powerful council of merchants Florence Rued by Medici family Lorenzo de Medici (1469-1492) Used wealth to support artists, architects, & writers “Lorenzo the Magnificent”

Calvanism John Calvin – French pastor Believed in predestination: everything about our lives is already determined by God. Followers in England become known as Puritans.

Counter Reformation 1500s & 1600s Catholic church makes reforms & tries to stop Protestantism Council of Trent Called by Pope Paul III Meeting of Bishops No indulgences Rules for priests Establish Jesuit order to bring Protestants back Spain becomes staunchly Catholic (enemy of protestant England) Ferdinand & Isabella – Spanish Inquisition get rid of Jews/protestants

Reformation in England Henry VIII Married to Catherine (daughter of Ferd & Isa) No male heirs with Catherine Wants divorce (annul) – Pope says no Pope doesn’t want to anger F & I, and Catherine Uncle (Holy Roman Emperor) Henry has Archbishop of Canterbury (protestant) grant divorce Parliament passes Act of Supremacy Makes king head of Church of England (protestant)