KOREAN WAR 조국해방전쟁 한국전쟁 1950 - 1953

U.N’s Top 5 U.S., USSR, Britain, France… & TAIWAN? Korean War, 1950-1953 During WWII which country had control of Korea? After WWII, Korea was divided into Communist North and democratic South Korea 1950 - North Korean communist forces cross the 38th parallel and invade South Korea. Truman orders U.S. forces to assist the South Koreans *WHY? The U.N. Security Council condemns the action and decides this should be a decision for the UN! Soviet Union absent from this VOTE U.N’s Top 5 U.S., USSR, Britain, France… & TAIWAN?

UN International Forces to Korea to stop the invasion! September 1950- N. Koreans controlled entire Korean peninsula except for a tiny area around Pusan.

(1)South Korean’s still had a stronghold in Pusan. Troops move North. THE FIGHT (1)South Korean’s still had a stronghold in Pusan. Troops move North. (2)General MacArthur launched a surprise attack at Inchon. Troops move South. SMUSH!!! (3)UN troops are able to push N. Koreans to China’s border. Who feels threatened now?

COMMUNIST CHINA! October 1950- China sends 300,000 troops into North Korea. China pushes UN forces out of N. Korea and even Captures S. Korea’s capital, Seoul. MACARTHUR RECOMMENDS ATTACKING CHINA MacArthur convinced that Korea was the place “where the Communist conspirators have elected to make their play for global conquest” Recommended attacking China & called for the use of nuclear weapons Truman rejects MacArthur’s request Reminds MacArthur that USSR had Mutual Assistance Pact with China & attacking China would lead to WWIII & MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) MacArthur tried to go over President’s head; *Truman fired MacArthur

Settling for Stalemate Location of cease-fire line at the existing battle line Establishment of a demilitarized zone between opposing sides STALEMATE N. Korean invaders had been pushed back Communism had been contained w/out use of nuclear weapons

de Kim Jong Un 35 years old Came to power after his father’s death in 2011 2017- around 400 excutions

Recent Events April 27, 2018- Kim Jong Un met South Korean President Moon Jae-in at the DMZ. “Panmunjom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula” Trump – Un Summits June 2018 & February 2019 Increased economic sanctions on N. Korea. 2017

Satellite Image of Gulags On Tuesday, Google unveiled a detailed map of North Korea, offering a rare glimpse inside the streets, landmarks and even the gulags located in the world's most isolated country. Conditions inside North Korean prison camps are unsanitary and life-threatening.[1][2][3][4] Prisoners are subject to torture and inhumane treatment.[5] Public and secret executions of prisoners, even children, especially in cases of attempted escape are commonplace.[6] Infanticides (and infant killings upon birth)[7] also often occur. The mortality rate is very high, because many prisoners die of starvation,[8] illnesses,[9] work accidents, or torture.[10]

Demilitarized zone (DMZ) between Koreas is most volatile border region

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The Vietnam War 1954 - 1975

Background to the War France controlled “Indochina” since the late 19th century Indochina consists of Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia Ho Chi Minh tried to gain independence for Vietnam since WWI France tried to regain control after WWII What country had taken control? Vietnamese fight a guerrilla war against reoccupation Ho Chi Minh had been fighting for Vietnamese independence since World War I. The U.S. gave France aid to win its support in American anticommunist efforts in Western Europe.

Background to the War Vietnamese join together to fight France! Sound familiar? France surrenders 1954 Vietnam divided at 17th parallel Ho Chi Minh’s nationalist (communists) forces controlled the North Ngo Dinh Diem, “democracy” in South France & U.S. establish the Anti-communist government In S.V. Familiar? *Ngo ruled the south as a dictator- the South Vietnamese suffered under his rule. Realizing he would Diem backs out of elections.

Early Protests of Ngo Dinh Diem’s Government Self-immolation by a Buddhist Monk

WHY did the US Support the corrupt South? US Gov’t feels Vietnam is important to America. Domino Theory-if SV falls to communism, other countries will quickly follow (mainly in SE Asia) Containment-larger US policy against communism; prevent it from expanding its territory or spreading its influence

Gulf of Tonkin 1963 Ngo is assassinated (but not by who you would think…) What to do about Vietnam… 1. Out; 2. Same old same old; 3. Escalate August 1964- U.S. President Lyndon Johnson sends troops “b/c two U.S. destroyers were attacked by N.V. patrol boats in Gulf of Tonkin.” ½ million soldiers by 1968. Quote National Security Agency [I]t is not simply that there is a different story as to what happened; it is that no attack happened that night.

Who Is the Enemy? Vietcong: Farmers by day; guerilla warriors at night; willing to accept many casualties American sends more troops to avoid Vietcong takeover. U.S. army best trained army in world but losing to the Vietcong!

Vietcong Supported by many people in both South and North Vietnam. South supports because gov’t unpopular U.S. has trouble fighting on unfamiliar territory. Late 1960’s- US bombed farmland and forest (civilian targets)- U.S. protests.

Vietnamization Nixon’s Plan-1969- U.S. begins to withdraw troops & South Vietnam increases its military role Last U.S. forces leave in 1973 N. Vietnam overruns the South. 1.5 million Vietnamese Dead 58,000 American Dead Anyone know a Vietnam Veteran? 22

South Vietnamese Attempt to Flee the Country The Fall of Saigon South Vietnamese Attempt to Flee the Country

America Abandons Its Embassy The Fall of Saigon April 30, 1975 400 left in embassy when communists took over America Abandons Its Embassy

A United Vietnam Formerly Saigon

Afghan History Afghanistan's location along the Silk/Spice Road has allowed the country to serve as an important link between east and west throughout history Great Britain & Russia fought over Afghanistan as far back as the 18th & 19th centuries

Soviet-Afghan War Soviet Union invaded in 1979 and installed a Communist government From 1979-1989, Afghanistan became a battleground of the Cold War between the US-USSR (with the U.S. supporting Afghans who resisted the Soviets) 1979-1989- Over 2 million people die Soviet Union withdrew in 1989, but civil war erupted among factions of guerilla fighters

North Vietnamese at the Presidential Palace The Fall of Saigon North Vietnamese at the Presidential Palace

Democracy v. Communism The Korean War