Chapter 3 Vocabulary Review - Federalism (Part I)

1) The entire set of interactions between national, state, and local governments – including regulations, transfer of funds, and the sharing of information – that constitute the workings of the federal system.

Intergovernmental Relations

2) This Supreme Court case in 1824 established that the national government had the authority to regulate interstate commerce.

Gibbons vs. Ogden

3) A central government that holds supreme power within a nation.

Unitary Governments

4) Which clause from Article VI of the Constitution makes the national government preempt state and local laws?

Supremacy Clause

5) Which amendment states that powers not granted to the national government are reserved to the states, but also limits the power of states.

10th Amendment

6) Federal categorical grants involving allocating money based on information specified in legislation or in administrative regulations (such as population).

Formula Grants

7) 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. The Court held that Congress had certain implied powers in addition to powers enumerated in the Constitution.

McCullough v. Maryland

8) The division of powers between the National and States governments.

Federalism

9) Powers not enumerated (listed) in the Constitution 9) Powers not enumerated (listed) in the Constitution. Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I.

Implied Powers

10)Beginning with President Nixon in the early 1970’s, and continuing through the 1980’s and 1990’s, Republicans moved to return administrative authority for programs to the states and local governments. This was known as ___________.

Devolution

11) Powers listed specifically in the Constitution.

Enumerated or Expressed Powers

Chapter 3 Vocabulary Review Part II - Federalism

Federal grants given more or less automatically from the national to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. It has been favored in recent years and has few spending guidelines.

Block Grant

What is the term from the Constitution that requires states to return a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime was committed.

Extradition

The final paragraph of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.

Necessary and Proper or Elastic Clause & Implied Powers

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.

Fiscal Federalism

Which clause of the Constitution creates an obligation of one state to recognize and give effect to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of her sister states.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

The national and state governments were viewed as very distinct with little overlap. They reigned supreme within their own spheres, with different powers and policy responsibilities. The form of Federalism for most of the history of the U.S.

Dual or “Layer Cake” Federalism

Federal categorical grant given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applicants.

Project Grants

This requires states to treat non-state residents within their borders as they would treat their own residents.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Federal grant provided for specific purposes, or categories, of state or local spending. They come with strings attached, such as non-discrimination provisions.

Categorical Grant

This form of Federalism began in the 1930’s and involves greater cooperation and collaboration between the levels of government. Each level having their different powers and policy responsibilities. AKA “Marble Cake Federalism.”

Cooperative or “Marble Cake Federalism”