Joy Armistead, Sunita Khatkar, Britta Meyer, Brian L

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription.
Advertisements

Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages (November 1999)
Volume 6, Issue 5, Pages (November 2004)
UVB Increases Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Expression1  Christoph Marschall, Toshiko Nobutoh, Evelyn Braungart, Kathrin Douwes,
Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages (May 2004)
The vacuolar-ATPase B1 subunit in distal tubular acidosis: novel mutations and mechanisms for dysfunction  D.G. Fuster, J. Zhang, X.-S. Xie, O.W. Moe 
Volume 129, Issue 5, Pages (November 2005)
Volume 102, Issue 6, Pages (September 2000)
The homeodomain protein Cdx2 regulates lactase gene promoter activity during enterocyte differentiation  Rixun Fang, Nilda A. Santiago, Lynne C. Olds,
Nicolas Charlet-B, Gopal Singh, Thomas A. Cooper  Molecular Cell 
Eija Siintola, Meral Topcu, Nina Aula, Hannes Lohi, Berge A
David X Liu, Lloyd A Greene  Neuron 
Interleukin-17 and Interferon-γ Synergize in the Enhancement of Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Human Keratinocytes  Marcel B.M. Teunissen, Jan.
Volume 122, Issue 4, Pages (August 2005)
Yu-Hsin Chiu, Jennifer Y. Lee, Lewis C. Cantley  Molecular Cell 
IFN-γ Upregulates Expression of the Mouse Complement C1rA Gene in Keratinocytes via IFN-Regulatory Factor-1  Sung June Byun, Ik-Soo Jeon, Hyangkyu Lee,
The interferon regulatory factor ICSBP/IRF-8 in combination with PU
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages (December 2004)
Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages (November 1999)
Rose-Anne Romano, Barbara Birkaya, Satrajit Sinha 
Gail Billingsley, Sathiyavedu T. Santhiya, Andrew D
The mRNA for Protease Nexin-1 is Expressed in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and its Level is Affected by Androgen  Tadashige Sonoda, Yuji Asada, Sotaro Kurata,
Elisabeth Riedl, Yayoi Tada, Mark C. Udey 
Volume 15, Issue 22, Pages (November 2005)
Yongli Bai, Chun Yang, Kathrin Hu, Chris Elly, Yun-Cai Liu 
Ras Induces Mediator Complex Exchange on C/EBPβ
Cell-Density-Dependent Regulation of Expression and Glycosylation of Dopachrome Tautomerase/Tyrosinase-Related Protein-2  Thomas J. Hornyak, Daniel J.
RRNA Modifications in an Intersubunit Bridge of the Ribosome Strongly Affect Both Ribosome Biogenesis and Activity  Xue-hai Liang, Qing Liu, Maurille.
A Human Homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster diaphanous Gene Is Disrupted in a Patient with Premature Ovarian Failure: Evidence for Conserved Function.
An Acetylation Switch in p53 Mediates Holo-TFIID Recruitment
Evidence That Translation Reinitiation Leads to a Partially Functional Menkes Protein Containing Two Copper-Binding Sites  Marianne Paulsen, Connie Lund,
Volume 123, Issue 2, Pages (October 2005)
A Homozygous Nonsense Mutation in Type XVII Collagen Gene (COL17A1) Uncovers an Alternatively Spliced mRNA Accounting for an Unusually Mild Form of Non-Herlitz.
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 9-19 (October 2005)
Transcriptional Regulation of ATP2C1 Gene by Sp1 and YY1 and Reduced Function of its Promoter in Hailey–Hailey Disease Keratinocytes  Hiroshi Kawada,
Nonsense mutation of EMX2 is potential causative for uterus didelphysis: first molecular explanation for isolated incomplete müllerian fusion  Shan Liu,
Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages (March 1999)
Gail Billingsley, Sathiyavedu T. Santhiya, Andrew D
Mutations in the DBP-Deficiency Protein HSD17B4 Cause Ovarian Dysgenesis, Hearing Loss, and Ataxia of Perrault Syndrome  Sarah B. Pierce, Tom Walsh, Karen.
Volume 63, Issue 6, Pages (June 2003)
Barbara S Nikolajczyk, J.Aquiles Sanchez, Ranjan Sen  Immunity 
Volume 61, Issue 6, Pages (June 2002)
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages (July 1998)
An mtDNA Mutation in the Initiation Codon of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit II Gene Results in Lower Levels of the Protein and a Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy 
Alternative Splicing in the α-Galactosidase A Gene: Increased Exon Inclusion Results in the Fabry Cardiac Phenotype  Satoshi Ishii, Shoichiro Nakao, Reiko.
Volume 32, Issue 5, Pages (December 2008)
Expression of FcRn, the MHC Class I-Related Receptor for IgG, in Human Keratinocytes  Karla Cauza, Gabriele Hinterhuber, Ruth Dingelmaier-Hovorka, Karin.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Stimulates Activator Protein 1 DNA-Binding Activity by a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Ras/MEK/Extracellular Signal Regulated.
Transcriptional Control of SLC26A4 Is Involved in Pendred Syndrome and Nonsyndromic Enlargement of Vestibular Aqueduct (DFNB4)  Tao Yang, Hilmar Vidarsson,
Defining the Regulatory Elements in the Proximal Promoter of ΔNp63 in Keratinocytes: Potential Roles for Sp1/Sp3, NF-Y, and p63  Rose-Anne Romano, Barbara.
Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype
Figure 4 DNM1 mutations affect protein levels and self-dimerization (A) HeLa cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged mutant.
Exome Sequencing Identifies CCDC8 Mutations in 3-M Syndrome, Suggesting that CCDC8 Contributes in a Pathway with CUL7 and OBSL1 to Control Human Growth 
Naoko Kanda, Shinichi Watanabe  Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Feng Xu, Qiongyi Zhang, Kangling Zhang, Wei Xie, Michael Grunstein 
Mutations in NEXN, a Z-Disc Gene, Are Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy  Hu Wang, Zhaohui Li, Jizheng Wang, Kai Sun, Qiqiong Cui, Lei Song, Yubao.
Feng Xu, Kangling Zhang, Michael Grunstein  Cell 
Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages (June 2001)
Mutation of the Ca2+ Channel β Subunit Gene Cchb4 Is Associated with Ataxia and Seizures in the Lethargic (lh) Mouse  Daniel L Burgess, Julie M Jones,
Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages (September 2013)
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages (January 2008)
Transcriptional Termination Factors for RNA Polymerase II in Yeast
Asaf Ta-Shma, Tahir N. Khan, Asaf Vivante, Jason R
A Smad Transcriptional Corepressor
Exon Skipping in IVD RNA Processing in Isovaleric Acidemia Caused by Point Mutations in the Coding Region of the IVD Gene  Jerry Vockley, Peter K. Rogan,
Volume 123, Issue 2, Pages (October 2005)
Human Argonaute2 Mediates RNA Cleavage Targeted by miRNAs and siRNAs
Keiji Miyazawa, MSc, Akio Mori, MD, PhD, Hirokazu Okudaira, MD, PhD 
Chih-Yung S. Lee, Tzu-Lan Yeh, Bridget T. Hughes, Peter J. Espenshade 
Presentation transcript:

Mutation of a Gene Essential for Ribosome Biogenesis, EMG1, Causes Bowen-Conradi Syndrome  Joy Armistead, Sunita Khatkar, Britta Meyer, Brian L. Mark, Nehal Patel, Gail Coghlan, Ryan E. Lamont, Shuangbo Liu, Jill Wiechert, Peter A. Cattini, Peter Koetter, Klaus Wrogemann, Cheryl R. Greenberg, Karl-Dieter Entian, Teresa Zelinski, Barbara Triggs-Raine  The American Journal of Human Genetics  Volume 84, Issue 6, Pages 728-739 (June 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017 Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Analysis of the EMG1 Mutation Causing BCS (A) Sequence chromatograms of a BCS-affected patient (top) and a normal control (bottom). The position of the A→G mutation is indicated by an arrow. (B) Detection of the c.400A→G mutation in a Hutterite family. The region of EMG1 containing the c.400A→G mutation was amplified by PCR from the DNA samples of a family with BCS-affected children with the use of a primer that created a KpnI site only in the presence of the mutation. The samples were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The affected children (black diamonds) have only the 82 bp fragment, whereas the parents and two of the siblings are heterozygous for c.400A→G, as indicated by the presence of both 104 bp and 82 bp fragments, and one child is homozygous for normal EMG1, as indicated by the presence of only the 104 bp fragment. (C) Protein sequence alignment via Clustal W of the region of the EMG1 protein containing the c.400A→G, p.D86G mutation. The residues that are completely conserved in all orthologs are indicated with an asterisk, and the Asp (D) that is mutated in BCS is shown in red. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Comparative Molecular Model of the Human EMG1 Homodimer (A) Ribbon diagram of the modeled homodimer, with the individual monomers colored green and blue. Methyl donors are drawn as sticks. (B) Close-up view, showing the hydrogen-bonding interactions of D86 with R84 occurring at the N terminus of α helix 2. The two parallel α helices from each monomer (α helices 2 and 7) that form the core of the dimer interface are labeled α2 and α7 for each monomer. (C) Electrostatic-potential map of the solvent-accessible surface of the human EMG1 homodimer model. The map shows that the model predicts a positively charged region (blue) that is homologous to the RNA-binding groove of Nep1, and R84 is located in the center of this groove. Red indicates a negative charge. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Expression of EMG1 in Adult and Fetal Tissues Five nanograms of cDNA from various tissues was amplified by PCR with the use of EMG1- (top panel) or GAPDH-specific primers (bottom panel). Samples were taken at different cycle numbers, separated on a 2% agarose gel, and stained with ethidium bromide. The results for the samples taken at 26 cycles are shown for both EMG1 and GAPDH. Control cDNA was provided with each panel, and the PCR reaction was performed in the absence of cDNA for the blank. Each panel was normalized to the expression levels of four housekeeping genes: GAPDH, beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, and phospholipase A2. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 EMG1 mRNA Expression and Protein Levels in Unaffected Control and Patient Fibroblasts (A) RNA analysis. Seven micrograms of total RNA isolated from unaffected control (Ctrl) fibroblasts or BCS-affected patient fibroblasts were separated on 1.2% agarose gel and transferred to a nylon membrane. The membrane was UV cross-linked and probed with labeled EMG1 (top panel) and GAPDH (bottom panel) cDNA probes. Film was exposed to the membrane for 7 hr at −80°C (EMG1) or for 2 hr at room temperature (GAPDH). EMG1 is 1068 bp and GAPDH is 1310 bp; 18S rRNA position is marked. (B) Immunoblot analysis of EMG1 protein levels. Twenty-five micrograms of nuclear lysates from unaffected control fibroblasts and BCS-affected patient fibroblasts were separated on a 10% gel by SDS-PAGE, and protein was detected by immunoblot with an EMG1 antibody (top panel). The blot was then stripped and reprobed for fibrillarin (FBL), a nuclear protein, so that equal loading was ensured (bottom panel). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Transient Expression of D86G Mutant and Wild-Type EMG1 in BHK Cells The RIPA-soluble fraction from BHK cells transiently expressing HA-tagged EMG1 was separated from the insoluble fraction by centrifugation. The insoluble fraction was then resuspended in RIPA, sonicated before loading of approximately 20 μg of protein, and separated in a 10% gel by SDS-PAGE. Protein was then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and detected by immunoblot with an HA antibody. Cells were cotransfected with pRCMVβ-gal to serve as a transfection control; loading was therefore corrected for both protein concentration and β-galactosidase activity. Abbreviations are as follows: V, vector control; WT, wild-type protein; M, mutant D86G protein. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Yeast Two-Hybrid Analysis of Dimerization of EMG1-D86G Interactions between wild-type EMG1 and the D86G mutant monomers, as well as each monomer with itself, were analyzed in the yeast two-hybrid system. Wild-type and mutant EMG1 were fused to the Gal4-activation or DNA-binding domain and tested against each other by coexpression in the two-hybrid yeast strain PJ69-4A. For quantification of binding affinity, β-galactosidase activity was measured. Data are from two independent yeast clones and the error bars represent standard deviation. A two-tailed, independent t test between Ad-EMG1+BdEMG1 and Ad-EMG1-D86G+Bd-EMG1-D86G showed that β-gal transcriptional activity in the mutant dimer was significantly higher with p = 0.0012. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2009 84, 728-739DOI: (10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.04.017) Copyright © 2009 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions