THE GREAT WAR Sources of Global Conflict c. 1900 to the Present 8/20/2019 6:08 AM THE GREAT WAR Sources of Global Conflict c. 1900 to the Present Period 6 © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Causes of World War I 8/20/2019 6:08 AM © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Imperial Expansion New Imperialism Late 19th and early 20th centuries 8/20/2019 6:08 AM Imperial Expansion New Imperialism Late 19th and early 20th centuries Colonial expansion by European powers, US, and Japan Almost all of Africa and parts of Asia Competition for Resources Berlin Conference, 1884 – 1885 Focuses on building their empires Conquest and exploiting resources © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Nationalist Ideologies Loyalty to the interests and culture of one particular country Created mistrust and hatred Germany and France Franco-Prussian War Unification of Germany Austria-Hungary and Russia Serbia wanted to reclaim land lost to Austria Serbia – Russia alliance Austria-Hungary – Germany alliance

Alliance Systems Alliance Systems Friendly understanding Open and secret agreements Allied with one country, sworn enemy of enemies of members of other alliances

Alliance Systems Triple Alliance Triple Entente Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire Central Powers Triple Entente France, Great Britain, Russia, United States Allies (Allied Powers)

Mobilization of a state’s resources Militarism Great Power rivalries between Great Britain and Germany Gurkha soldiers in India The ANZAC troops in Australia Military conscription

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism REMEMBER THE M.A.I.N Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

A Shot that Changed the War… Series of events in the course of World War I Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmHxq28440c

Improved military technology 8/20/2019 6:08 AM Improved military technology New military technology and new tactics Total War Increased levels of wartime casualties Tanks - 1916 Airplanes – fighter planes; jet fighters The atomic bombs Complete annihilation of the enemy © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Conflict leads to Demographic Shifts

New Tactics of War Trench warfare 8/20/2019 6:08 AM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_G4ZY66BG38 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeJkpsOqQgc © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Firebombing “Operation Thunderclap” 8/20/2019 6:08 AM Firebombing “Operation Thunderclap”  “absolutely devastating, exterminating attacks by very heavy bombers from this country upon the Nazi homeland” Winston Churchill, 1945 *Shatters morale of the Germans © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

Wartime Casualties Nanking (1937) Hiroshima (1945) 8/20/2019 6:08 AM Wartime Casualties Nanking (1937) Nanking Massacre/Rape of Nanking 200,000 – 300,000 Chinese killed 20 – 30 million die from starvation and disease Hiroshima (1945) Atomic bomb dropped by the US 80,000 instantly; 120,000 die from burns and radiation © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

World War I Casualties – Central Powers 1.2 million 325,000 Bulgaria 1.8 million

116,000 1.3 million 908,000 1.7 million

https://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2014/05/World-War-I-by-the-Numbers_final.jpeg

Ethnic Violence Armenian Genocide Ottoman Empire economic decline 8/20/2019 6:08 AM Ethnic Violence Armenian Genocide Ottoman Empire economic decline Slow to modernize Trade rights favor foreigners, not Ottoman Extended to Christian Europeans Armenians – Christian minority > scapegoats Turkification Deportation, starvation, mass murder, death marches 1.2 Million deaths © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

New International Organization Treaty of Versailles (Paris, 1918) Big Four Meeting Wilson – USA Orlando – Italy George – Britain Clemenceau – France Fourteen Points (League of Nations) Peace keeping organization to ensure peace

The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.

Social Reforms Rise of Feminism (suffrage for women)