Source : Genetics Home Reference

kinetochore Source :http://y12hb.wordpress.com/

WALT know what DNA is DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. What is DNA made of? DNA is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consist of a base molecule, a phosphate molecule and a sugar molecule. There are four types of base: A- adenine T- thymine G – guanine C - cytosine They are held together by a backbone made of phosphate and deoxyribose (sugar). The double helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1953.

The bases always pair together in the same way, A with T, C with G. The human genome is made of 3.2 billion bases of DNA but other organisms have different genome sizes.

WALT know what cell cycle is Knowledge harvest : Where do cells come from? Why do cells divide? How many cells are there in your body? How do cells know when to divide? How many different types of cell division are there? Source :https://askabiologist.asu.edu/content/cell-division

Cells Human body: 37 trillion cells (in German: 37 Billionen) Size: 0,004 mm (~4-5 µm) Put in line: 100 times around earth Every second: 50 million cell die

Cells Every cell has its own task (hair, liver, heart, muscle, eye...) Life of a cell: lip: 2 weeks liver: 8 month Biggest human cell: female egg cell (0,12mm) Task : Draw a double ringed circle and label the main parts of a cell cycle.

Cell Cycle Interphase lasts about 12-24 hours. Mitosis – cell growth and protein production stops. Lasts only 1-2 hours.

Source : Genetics Home Reference

Source :http://publications. nigms. nih. gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1 http://www.yourgenome.org/teachers/origami.shtml

kinetochore Source :http://y12hb.wordpress.com/

Chromatin vs chromatid vs chromosome. 46 chromosomes

Dna protein complex which is made up of DNA wrapped around by proteins called histones.

At the beginning of the S phase of a cell division, the DNA replicates and produces two identical copies which are held together by the centromere. This X structure is called a sister chromatid pair. Chromatid is a condensed version of a chromatin.

Chromosomes can be found in 3 forms: thread-like chromatin (during G1 of interphase), thread-like sister chromatids (during S-phase of interphase) and the condensed, visible form (during mitosis). Source : http://www.litebiology.com/2010/04/difference-chromatin-chromatid-chromosome.html

Cell Cycle Interphase lasts about 12-24 hours. Mitosis – cell growth and protein production stops. Lasts only 1-2 hours.

WALT know what mitosis is The genetic purpose of mitosis is to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Reasons for mitosis – growth, regeneration/healing and replacement of dead cells. Problems with this process can seriously damage or kill cells.

Source : newscenter.lbl.gov

Task : Draw the 5 diagrams on a blank A4 paper. Read the text and follow the instructions given to you. Hand in your work.

Viewing mitosis in onion root tips! Using onion root cells to view mitosis Viewing mitosis in onion root tips!

region of cell elongation region of cell division protective root cap

Viewing mitosis in onion root tips! Why use onion roots? easy to grow in large numbers cells at the tip actively dividing cells are in stages of mitosis chromosomes can be stained to make them more easily observable

Make a squash preparation

Take a closer look!

What is mitosis?

Interphase Anaphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase Cytokinesis Stages of cell cycle : I Pray Mainly At The Church!

Stages in mitosis : Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase

Create a class drama based on mitosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWvh1dPx5vs Idea for mitosis drama Characters needed : Nucleus-big cloth Cell membrane – kids in dark clothes holding hands Chromatid connected by centromeres Chromosomes line up in centre as centrioles enter Centrioles with same coloured jackets that can be taken off to reveal white T-shirt