MODUS TOLLENS If P then Q Not Q therefore not P.

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MODUS TOLLENS If P then Q Not Q therefore not P

If Jane lives in Paris then Jane lives in France.

France Paris If Jane lives in Paris then Jane lives in France. Jane does not live in France. Therefore Jane does not live in Paris Paris France

If Jane lives in Paris then Jane lives in France. It is not true that Jane lives in France. Therefore it is not true that Jane lives in Paris

If The weapon is a gun or a knife then The butler is the murderer. It is not true that The butler is the murderer. Therefore it is not true that The weapon is a gun or a knife