The Mongols and Feudal Japan Notice the chaos occurring in the image.

Section One: The Silk Road (pg. 38) Ibn Battuta (link) Write this down: What do you think makes travelers like Ibn Battuta want to explore? Additionally what risks do travelers make at this time? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1okjBhc3mw

Trading Routes Goods like cotton, ivory, wool, gold, and silver were from western markets such as Africa, Europe, and the Middle east to trade for luxury eastern goods such as silk, teas, salt, sugar, porcelain, and spices. Luxury items were sold to reduce weight. The Silk Road was a 4000-mile network of routes stretched westward from China across deserts and mountain ranges, through the Middle East, until they reached the Mediterranean Sea.

A Split Within Buddhism Buddhism eventually spread via the Silk Road into China, then to Korea, and Japan. This was a trade network that connected the East to the West. Through their work missionaries taught Buddhism to millions of people. A Split Within Buddhism As Buddhism spread not everyone could agree on the beliefs or practices. This caused a split of Buddhism into two separate branches-Theravada and Mahayana. The Theravada followed Buddha’s teachings exactly as it said. The Mahayana followers followed an interpretation of Buddha's beliefs. Note that Hinduism adopted the Budda and would Reading Check: Sequencing- How did the Buddhism spread from India to other parts of Asia? Ancient Egypt and Kush

Non religious reasons to convert -To gain favor in trade deals Missionary- a person sent on a religious mission, especially some send to spread or proselytize their religion In other countries Non religious reasons to convert -To gain favor in trade deals -To gain political or military allies Reading Check: Why might a person change religions? See Right Ghazan (center) seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran was born as a Buddhist, and converted to Islam as part of a military agreement upon accession to the throne. Within a few months, Ghazan challenged Baydu for the throne, having him executed on October 5, 1295. Ghazan was assisted in this by his earlier enemy, the prominent Muslim Mongol emir Nawruz. Ghazan converted to Islam, on June 16, 1295,[10] at the hands of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn al-Mu'ayyid ibn Hamaweyh al-Khurasani al-Juwayni[11] as a condition for Nawruz's military support.

Buddhism would mix with the native Shinto religions of Japan. Spread East Buddhism would mix with the native Shinto religions of Japan. Other Religions Nearly a thousand years later Islam too would be spread to the Mongol khanates of Central Asia and the Sultanates of India and South East Asia. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/05/16/arts/seeing-where-shinto-and-buddhism-cross/#.XHMkZbhOmM8 Ghazan studying the Quran.

Section Two: The Mongols (Pg. 39)

Long after the Huns had dominated Asia and attacked a falling Roman Empire, another strong Asian civilization began to dominate. Nomads who lived in the Steppe: treeless plains region of Central Asia The Mongols nomads were located north of China and were a reason for the Great Wall. Mongols were about 800 years after the Huns who were also a reason for the Great Wall

Nomads Nomadic Herders - moved with their herds Organized into autonomous clans and tribes Lived primarily off animal products Meat, hide, milk, alcohol Some light manufacturing and farming Few permanent settlements Prominent along trade routes 2 major classes Nobles & commoners Very dynamic system Nomads yurt

RUTHLESS AND DEADLY SPEED = SUCCESS Large numbers of soldiers and a huge cavalry emphasized speed when attacking. A cavalry is soldiers on horseback. Stirrups allowed for both hands to be used for warfare. Stirrups were not uniquely Mongol however. They were invented in northern China around the 3rd century. The Huns, in fact, used them in their invasion of Europe. Medieval knights adopted stirrups as well and some historians have argued that stirrups are a factor in feudalism because of the importance of cavalry and the money in a horse which creates the separation of the classes. Battle of Mohi – Treated armies like their sheep in the Open the End tactic leaving a false opening https://www.discovermongolia.mn/blogs/batu-khan-built-russia-up

The Mongol Empire Genghis Khan was the conqueror & first to be called “Khan” or “ruler.” Ogodei Khan (son) who in death saved Western Europe. Kublai Khan (grandson) became the 1st emperor of the Yuan dynasty which ruled China for over a hundred years. Genghis Khan had appointed his son Ogodei as his heir and his death is often sighted as the reason for the end of the expansion…Mongolian rule was that all tribes had to gather to vote for new ruler and thus warriors had to return to Asia to vote and halt their attack on Europe. There was conflict between different grandsons (civil war) and through lost years and conflict, the Mongols never make it back to Europe. By the time Kublai Khan rules the focus is on China in the East and the unity that Genghis had created is gone.

Genghis Khan had appointed his son Ogodei as his heir and his death is often sighted as the reason for the end of the expansion…Mongolian rule was that all tribes had to gather to vote for new ruler and thus warriors had to return to Asia to vote and halt their attack on Europe. There was conflict between different grandsons (civil war) and through lost years and conflict, the Mongols never make it back to Europe. By the time Kublai Khan rules the focus is on China in the East and the unity that Genghis had created is gone.

The one area the Mongols were not able to conquer was Japan. The khans tried to conquer Japan twice but failed; once in 1281 because of a “divine wind” or “kamikaze” - it wrecked his fleet of 140,000 soldiers and saved Japan and they decided it wasn’t worth it. Historians believe it is the largest number of lost soldiers in a naval attack ever.