Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

Macromolecules L.18.1 - Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. What words are important in that standard?

L.18.1 - Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules.

What do we have to know first? Macromolecules L.18.1 - Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. What do we have to know first?

Basic molecular structure Primary function Macromolecules Two things: Basic molecular structure Primary function

Macromolecules - Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a polymer, composed of many monomers. The monomers are individual rings, so a carbohydrate usually looks like this… A monomer is made of one part (mono – one) A polymer is made of many parts (poly – many)

Macromolecules - Carbohydrates We’ve got the basic structure, now what’s the primary function? Energy Immediate, quick energy

Macromolecules - Lipids Two things: Basic molecular structure Primary function

Macromolecules - Lipids Basic molecular structure – also composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The big difference is the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. Example of a carbohydrate - C6H12O6 Example of a lipid – C55H98O6

Macromolecules - Lipids Primary Function Energy Long-term energy storage Make up cell membrane – phospholipid bilayer

Macromolecules - Proteins Two things: Basic molecular structure Primary function

Macromolecules - Proteins Proteins are made up of numerous elements, but for the purpose of structure, you should know Carbon and Nitrogen. A protein is easily identified because you will see a repetition of the bonding N-C-C. Below is an amino acid…

Macromolecules - Proteins A protein (polymer) is made up of a bunch of amino acids (monomers) that are bonded together.

Macromolecules - Proteins Primary function Enzymes (L.18.11) Most varied role – are a part of most anything that we do Most common functions Movement and digestion

Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids Two types of Nucleic Acids each with their own structure. DNA – Double helix RNA – Single strand

Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids Two things: Basic molecular structure Primary function

Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids (polymers) are made up of nucleotides (monomers). Nucleotides have three parts – sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids Primary Function: DNA – stores the information for building proteins (stores our hereditary information). RNA – helps in building the proteins.

Re-Try Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

Re-Try Hormones are proteins that regulate many functions in the body, such as growth and cell differentiation. Which of the following does NOT describe a function of proteins in living organisms? a. They catalyze biochemical reactions. b. They provide support for connective tissues. c. They serve as a short-term energy source for the body. d. They carry molecules from one place to another in the body.

We Do Fill in the blanks on your left hand page based on the statements or pictures.

You Do Questions The following questions can be projected when an instructor reaches the “You Do” or an instructor can use the handout.

1. A carbohydrate is an organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The unique structure of carbohydrates makes them useful material for building cell walls in plants. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in animals? a. digesting food b. fighting disease c. storing short-term energy d. transmitting nerve impulses

2. A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. Which of the following macromolecules is the unknown substance most likely to be? a. carbohydrate b. lipid c. nucleic acid d. protein

a. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid 3. Which of the following options below correctly labels each organic compound structure?   a. 1 – carbohydrate; 2 – protein; 3 – lipid b. 1 – protein; 2 – lipid; 3 – carbohydrate c. 1 – lipid; 2 – carbohydrate; 3 – protein d. 1 – lipid; 2 – protein; 3 – carbohydrate 1 2 3