Engaging development actors 1 minute Engaging development actors Dr. Raghu Bista / Tara Pd. Kharel NASC - ACMD

Objectives Analyze stakeholders' interests and needs 1 minute Analyze stakeholders' interests and needs Prioritize stakeholders’ concerns and expectations Develop engagement strategy Build networks, communicate and facilitate stakeholders for quality engagement 25/08/2019

Contents 1 minute Identification of development actors, their interests, concerns and influence Developing engagement strategy Networking and communication strategies Facilitation, and consensus building 25/08/2019

Development Development is the state of growth or advancement from the existing situations. Different individual, groups and organizations use to play roles for bringing change.

Development Activities Development activities are the activities that are carried out to bring change. The set of activities are grouped as programs or projects to achieve development objectives and goals.

Stakeholders There are many actors who play roles from project/program design, implementation to operation. Those actors are generally called as stakeholders Stakeholders are defined as all individuals or groups who are influencing / affected / involved / interested in the project Stakeholders can potentially impact, either positively or negatively, development of project.

Stakeholders Analysis Stakeholder analysis is a useful tool for demonstrating some of the seemingly irresolvable conflicts that occur through the planned creation and introduction of new project.

Categorizing Stakeholders Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders Top management Accountant Other functional managers Project team members Others Clients Competitors Suppliers Environmental, political, consumer and other intervener group Others

Case

Primary and Secondary Stakeholders Primary Stakeholders: Primary interests on the programs/projects because they are directly affected either positively or negatively Secondary Stakeholders: Stakeholders who are indirectly affected either positively or negatively

Why Engage Stakeholders? Development is a collective efforts Development Programs/projects affect the lives of people in a multitude of ways. To achieve desired results, systematic information gathering about stakeholders and involvement of stakeholders are needed. It helps to identify problems and conceptualize project and its scope Involving stakeholders in the design process is critical to making project more successful

Why Engage Stakeholders? Cont.. Help in clarifying which people and organisations are directly or indirectly involved in or affected by specific development problem/project During project implementation, stakeholder involvement, cooperation and consensus is vital for project success. It helps to identify which groups are supportive and which may oppose the project strategy and subsequently obstruct project implementation It provides a sound basis for taking appropriate actions to gain the support of opponents and to get key supporters more involved and help in smooth project implementation

Stakeholder Engagement Process Ignore 8/25/2019

Stakeholder Engagement Process - Identify stakeholders - Clarify their interest (needs and expectations) - Comprehend their perceptions of the problem - Specify their resources (supportive and destructive) and influencing capacities - Identify probable areas of conflicts - Prioritize stakeholders’ interest/expectations - Develop engagement modality

Identification of Stakeholders By brainstorming, reviewing similar past projects/programs, we can identify stakeholders. They can be: Local people and institutions Land owners/contributors Poor, vulnerable and marginalized group Public sector DEPTS National ngos Bilateral and multilateral donors International ngos Private sectors Multi-donor trust funds

Identification of Stakeholders Cont.. People’s representatives (parliament, state, local) Academic / research institutions Media Legislative institutions and professional networks Religious leaders and groups Professional groups and networks Youth groups Representative of trade unions/labor unions …………….

Carrying Out Stakeholder analysis Stakeholders Stakeholder's Interests Perception of problems Resources/Power Mandates Engagement Modality

Example : Road safety Improvement Project Union of bus drivers Department of Road Passengers Others

Carrying Out Stakeholder analysis Stakeholders Stakeholder's Interests Perception of problems Resources/Power Mandates Engagement Modality Union of bus drivers Improved working conditions for bus drivers Low salaries, unreasonable working hours, poor road maintenance, old and poorly maintained buses Can mobilize bus drivers to strike, strong collective bargaining power To represent the interests of its members Involve in Decision Making Department of Road Improved roads in Kathmandu Insufficient budget, poor roads, too many private vehicles, Annual operating budget To maintain, upgrade and expand road system

Carrying Out Stakeholder analysis Examples Stakeholders Stakeholder's Interests Perception of problems Resources/Power Mandates Engagement Modality Passengers Safe, reliable and reasonable and public transport Many delays, frequent bus breakdowns, frequent accidents with passengers injuries, impolite drivers Dangerous driving Willingness to pay for improved services N/A Inform/Consult

Communication Plan Project information brochures (in different languages as required) Reports and publications Public information board Websites Radio announcements Posters etc.

Tools for Consultation Surveys (to receive a more broad public opinion) Focus group discussions (e.g. with vulnerable groups) Public meetings /Public Hearing

Stakeholders Involvement Plan Ignore stakeholders with less interest Inform stakeholders who have medium interest and power Consult who have more interests and more power Involve in decision making for key stakeholders

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Manage Stakeholders After analysing stakeholders, necessary measures need to be developed and implemented to address different stakeholder concerns Developing institutional mechanism for coordination/consultation with stakeholders Taking supports of Positive stakeholders as well as opponent towards project goals is vital for project success

Group Exercise Identify key actors for the development activities Consider their expectations, motivation and mandate Identify possible interest / role Discuss options for engagement modality

Carrying Out Stakeholder analysis Stakeholders Stakeholder's Interests Perception of problems Resources/ Power Mandates Engagement Modality

Conclusions Strategic analysis of stakeholders assesses: Aspiration, interests of stakeholders Problem perception (each one sees different aspects of the same problems-which aspects?) Resources , mandate (capable and motivated to participate and contribute?) Ways to enlist participation in the project (how to involve them in the project so that envisioned changes/results can happen?)

Thank You