Organic Structure Among neutral (uncharged) organic compounds

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Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
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Presentation transcript:

Organic Structure Among neutral (uncharged) organic compounds carbon: four covalent bonds and no unshared pairs of electrons hydrogen: one covalent bond and no unshared pairs of electrons nitrogen: three covalent bonds and one unshared pair of electrons oxygen: two covalent bonds and two unshared pairs of electrons a halogen: one covalent bond and three unshared pairs of electrons

Models Draw a lewis structure, make the model, draw ther 3-D structure, and decribe the bond angles for the following: C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C2H5Cl C2H4O CH2O CH5N

Alcohols Alcohol: contains an OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom may be primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°)

Alcohols Problem: draw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the two alcohols of molecular formula C3H8O

Alcohols Problem: draw Lewis structures and condensed structural formulas for the two alcohols of molecular formula C3H8O Solution:

Amines Amine: a compound containing an amino group the amino group may be primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°)

Amines Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two primary amines of molecular formula C3H9N

Amines Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two primary amines of molecular formula C3H9N Solution:

Aldehydes and Ketones Both contain a C=O (carbonyl) group aldehyde: contains a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen; in formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, the carbonyl group is bonded to two hydrogens ketone: contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

Aldehydes and Ketones Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two aldehydes of molecular formula C4H8O

Aldehydes and Ketones Problem: draw condensed structural formulas for the two aldehydes of molecular formula C4H8O Solution:

Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acid: a compound containing a -COOH (carboxyl: carbonyl + hydroxyl) group in a condensed structural formula, a carboxyl group may also be written -CO2H.

Carboxylic Acids Problem: draw a condensed structural formula for the single carboxylic acid of molecular formula C3H6O2

Carboxylic Acids Problem: draw a condensed structural formula for the single carboxylic acid of molecular formula C3H6O2 Solution: the only way the carbon atoms can be written is three in a chain; the -COOH group must be on an end carbon of the chain

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