Aim: What impact did Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society have on America? Do Now: Hand in Great Society Worksheet LBJ Video and Questions Homework: a) Vocabulary for Unit #11 due Tuesday b) Unit #11 Vocabulary Quiz Tuesday

April 4, 1964 – Hot 100

“Daisy” Ad – Election of 1964 Watch the Campaign Ad “Daisy” for LBJ in 1964 and write your reaction to the commercial below:

Dem. Johnson v. Rep. Goldwater

The Great Society 1. Describe the area where Lyndon Johnson grew up. 2. Who did Johnson have a deep and genuine compassion for? Give an example of how he helped this group. 3. What were some of the programs Johnson was able to get approved after he was elected to Congress? 4. How did Johnson become President of the United States? 5. What was the goal of Johnson’s Great Society program and who did it benefit?

Lyndon B. Johnson – Democrat – 36th President of the United States (1963-1969) Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President of the United States on November 22, 1963 aboard Air Force One after the assassination of JFK. •Johnson’s domestic policies were called the Great Society and his goals were to reduce poverty and racial injustice and promote a better quality of life in the United States. •Elected in 1964 with the largest popular vote in United States History.

Great Society Programs The most ambitious domestic legislative package since FDR’s New Deal

Creation of New Cabinet Positions 1. Department of Housing and Urban Development - to increase homeownership, support community development and increase access to affordable housing free from discrimination. 2. Department of Transportation - to develop and coordinate policies that will provide an efficient and economical national transportation system, with due regard for need, the environment, and the national defense.

The Cold War Continues: The Vietnam War (1954-1975) Vietnam is a small country in Southeast Asia. Its history is one of foreign invaders and occupations. The Vietnamese are extremely nationalistic and have, for centuries, fiercely opposed the invading forces. Vietnam was controlled by the French in the 1800s and the Japanese during World War II. After the Japanese surrendered in WWII, the French returned to reclaim their territory. Instead, the Vietnamese revolted for their independence under Communist leader Ho Chi Minh. In 1954 (just after the Korean War ended) 12,000 French troops were surrounded by the North Vietnamese army and soon forced to surrender. Vietnam was now independent.

Geneva Accords of 1954 The Geneva Accords of 1954 set a compromise by temporarily dividing Vietnam into two separate nations: North Vietnam was a Communist nation whose forces were led by Ho Chi Minh. South Vietnam was non-communist and ruled by Ngo Dinh Diem. 1. Which country do you think the U.S. supported? Why? 2. Which country supported North Vietnam? Why?

Domino Theory U.S. leaders feared that if South Vietnam fell to Communism, other nations would quickly follow. Therefore, President Kennedy sent advisors to help Diem’s military in 1961.

Vietcong However, the South Vietnamese government, under Diem, was dishonest and brutal. But, the U.S. saw this as the only alternative to communism and began sending supplies and providing military training to Diem’s forces. As discontent with Diem grew, many peasants revolted and joined the VIETCONG guerillas who opposed Diem. GUERILLAS are fighters who make hit-and-run attacks on the enemy, do not wear uniforms, or fight in large battles. In time, the Vietcong became communists and grew more powerful.

U.S. Involvement in Vietnam By 1963, 16,000 U.S. military personnel were serving in Vietnam. U.S. advisors wanted Diem to adopt reforms in South Vietnam to boost his support. Diem refused. He continued to rule as a dictator for two more years until the South Vietnamese military overthrew him and killed him. Unfortunately, the political situation in South Vietnam grew worse. President Kennedy had promised to withdraw the U.S. military advisors from Vietnam, but on November 22, 1963, he was assassinated. His Vice President, Lyndon B. Johnson took office, also determined to keep South Vietnam from falling.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964): Johnson announced that North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of North Vietnam. This gave LBJ the reason he needed to act. He asked Congress to allow him to have full authority to do whatever it took to resolve this conflict and prevent further North Vietnamese aggression.

U.S. Escalation The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution changed the U.S. role in Vietnam from military advisors to active fighters. The Vietnam War escalated (expanded) as Johnson ordered more ground troops and continued repeated bombings North Vietnam and Vietcong-held areas of South Vietnam for three years. This required an increased commitment of U.S. troops. 1965: 3,500 marines were sent to protect an American air base in S. Vietnam. End of 1965: 184,000 U.S. combat troops in Vietnam. 1968: 500,000 troops in Vietnam! We fought two enemies: the North Vietnamese AND the Vietcong. Fighting in Vietnam was in swamps and jungles-- different than any previous war America fought.

U.S. Involvement in Vietnam Escalation

Tactics However, Americans had the latest high-tech and chemical weapons. Airplanes dropped napalm– a jellylike substance that burst into flames and stuck to people’s bodies. Also, “Agent Orange”, an herbicide, was used to destroy the jungle where the Vietcong were hiding.

Tet Offensive TET OFFENSIVE (1968): The Vietcong and North Vietnamese launched several attacks on every big city in South Vietnam, and broke into the U.S. embassy in Saigon, the South Vietnamese capital. While the U.S. was able to strike back and actually declare a military victory here, many Americans witnessed the graphic images on the TV news that shocked and sickened them. The Tet Offensive marked the TURNING POINT OF THE WAR, showing that even with half a million troops, no part of S. Vietnam was safe and the war was far from over. Some thought our government was not telling us everything happening in Vietnam and many lost trust in the government.

America Divided About the Vietnam War Hawks Doves  1. The war was to continue our fight to contain communism.   2. To prevent the domino theory from occurring in Southeast Asia. 3. This is the war that is defining the baby boom generation just like the previous generation fought in World War II and Korea.  1. We were sending young men (18, 19 years old) to fight South Vietnam’s war in a foreign land. 2. People saw their friends and loved ones coming home in body bags. 3. Too much money was spent on the war when it could have used on other problems in the U.S. (ex. poverty).

Counterculture •Anti-war protests fed a spirit of rebellion, particularly among young people. •Many young people rejected traditional American values that had been followed during their parents’ generation. •Young people adopted new fashions and music.

LBJ Apply your knowledge - After watching the video – Answer the following question   Why did Johnson not run for re-election in 1968?