Metabolic Syndrome and CKD in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study  Toshiharu Ninomiya, MD, PhD, Yutaka Kiyohara, MD, PhD, Michiaki Kubo, MD, PhD, Koji Yonemoto, PhD, Yumihiro Tanizaki, MD, PhD, Yasufumi Doi, MD, PhD, Hideki Hirakata, MD, PhD, Mitsuo Iida, MD, PhD  American Journal of Kidney Diseases  Volume 48, Issue 3, Pages 383-391 (September 2006) DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.003 Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Age- and sex-adjusted 5-year cumulative incidence of CKD according to (A) metabolic syndrome status and (B) number of metabolic syndrome components in 1,440 subjects. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus metabolic syndrome (−) or 1 or fewer component of metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 383-391DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.003) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Multivariate-adjusted mean values of the GFR slope during a 5-year follow-up period according to number of metabolic syndrome components in (A) all subjects and (B) by age in 1,440 subjects. Values expressed as mean ± SE. Adjusted for age, sex, baseline GFR, proteinuria, serum albumin level, fasting serum insulin level, serum total cholesterol level, hemoglobin level, alcohol intake, and smoking habits. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus 1 or fewer component of metabolic syndrome. To convert GFR in mL/min to mL/s, multiply by 0.01667. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006 48, 383-391DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.06.003) Copyright © 2006 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions