INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Making things…easier, faster & cheaper Chapter 11 Section 1 Making things…easier, faster & cheaper

3 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – factory machines replace hand tools, and large scale manufacturing replaces farming as main form of work

Let’s be clear…. But WHY in Britain? The Industrial Revolution did NOT start in the U.S. It actually started in Great Britain. But WHY in Britain? Let’s check it out in the video clip: Crash Course #32

It all comes back to the resources! COAL, COAL, and more COAL!!! As a result, The British get a head start on the textile industry. Textile means ‘cloth’.

Key inventions from Britain Spinning Jenny- speeded up thread making process. Allowed a person to spin many strands at once Water Frame- spinning machine powered by running water rather than human energy Steam-powered textile plant Richard Arkwright

TEXTILE MILL

2 England made it illegal for textile workers to leave their country with their knowledge of how machines worked…so how did it get here? WAIT and WRITE!

1 SAMUEL SLATER (sneaky or smart?) – once an apprentice in Arkwright’s factory, he memorizes the plans of Arkwright’s machines! He brings the secrets of textile mills to America from England in 1789, meets up with a guy who has money to invest (capital) and builds his own factory!!

SLATER TEXTILE MILL

TEXTILE MILL

4 FACTORY SYSTEM – brings many workers and machines together to work under one roof

Factory Life-the Good, the Bad & the Ugly Conditions depended on what factory you worked at. Child labor was very common- as young as 7 or 8 yrs. Old. Dangerous conditions: Poorly lit, little fresh air, very loud machines No “worker’s compensation” when injured 12 to 14 hours days

Lowell Mills & Lowell Girls Robert Cabot Lowell-built improved version of English weaving machine Employed young women who would live in the dorms. Strict, regimented lifestyle, BUT it was an alternative to live on the farm or marriage

Industrialization began in the Northeast! Why?? Wait and Write out your response

Answer: This region was home to a class of merchants who had capital (MONEY!! ) to invest and build factories!!

1) Fast moving rivers to supply water for factories 5 Many of the first factories were placed in the New England region for two reasons: 1) Fast moving rivers to supply water for factories

2) Large supply of people willing to work in the factories 5 2) Large supply of people willing to work in the factories

Most factories after 1830 are powered by steam instead of by rivers 6 Most factories after 1830 are powered by steam instead of by rivers

7 INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS – making an item out of parts that are identical and can be mass produced – introduced by Eli Whitney

ELI WHITNEY

Interchangeable parts had 3 major advantages: 8 Interchangeable parts had 3 major advantages: 1) Sped up production, items could be mass produced

2) Repairs are easier on items, can replace one part 8 2) Repairs are easier on items, can replace one part 3) Allowed the use of more unskilled labor for lower salary

What have we learned so far about the Industrial revolution? Let’s Review.. What have we learned so far about the Industrial revolution?

11.2 The North Transformed!

Growth of Cities Urbanization- growth of cities due to the movement of people from rural areas to the cities New York City, Pittsburgh, Louisville become flooded with immigrants!

Urban Problems Filthy streets Sewage issues Fires! Disease spreads quickly!

New inventions! Advances in Communication Advances in Transportation Telegraph-Morse Code Advances in Transportation * Advances in Agriculture - Mechanical Reaper *Advances in Manufacturing -Singer and Howe’s sewing machines

WAIT AND WRITE Which benefit do you think is the most important and why?

Let’s take a look at some… Inventors & their Inventions! Morse McCormick Deere Fulton

10 SAMUEL F.B. MORSE – invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication *

ORIGINAL TELEGRAPH MACHINE - 1837

12 CYRUS McCORMICK – invented a grain reaper in 1834, making harvest faster and easier

Mc CORMICK REAPER

11 JOHN DEERE – invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge in 1836

JOHN DEERE STEEL PLOW

9 ROBERT FULTON – given credit for creating the first steamboat – speeds up transportation

FULTON’s Steamboat – THE clermont

FULTON’s Steamboat – THE clermont

A New Wave of Immigrants Lots of immigrants from Western Europe Why? Opportunities for land & work in the U.S! Disease, famine, political unrest in their original country Many moved to major cities in the U.S.-NYC., Boston From Where? Ireland: Great Potato Famine Germany-political issues

Know-Nothing Party https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHXXfG5f81Y

African Americans in the North Discrimination- Couldn’t vote, Faced discrimination in jobs, schools, businesses Racial segregation- could not attend same schools

THE END