The Legacy of World War I Chapter 23 Section 4

Wilson’s Plan for Peace Fourteen Points Smaller military forces. End to secret treaties. Freedom of the seas. Free trade. Changes in national boundaries. League of Nations – a new association of nations whose purpose would be to peacefully settle disputes. “Peace without victory”

Treaty of Versailles Britain, France, and Italy did not share Wilson’s vision of “peace without victory” – rather Germany should pay heavily for the war. Forced Germany to accept full blame for the war. Germany stripped of its colonies. Military limited to 100,000. 33 billion in reparations, money that a defeated nation pays for the destruction caused by a war.

Continued Divided up the empires of Austria-Hungary. Created Czechoslovakia. Recognized Poland’s independence. League of Nations. U.S. did not ratify the treaty, because of the opposition to the League of Nations. The treaty planted the seeds of World War II.

The War and Social Change Key ? – What social changes did the war help bring about? New jobs and the Great Migration – African Americans were provided with new opportunities for work in the North. 500,000 moved north between 1910 – 1920. Women laid off after the war to make jobs available for returning veterans.

Continued Wages were controlled during the war. When a post war wage increase did not happen, it caused many labor strikes. Created a Red Scare – anarchists and radicals plotting to overthrow the government. Anti-radical & antiforeign. Palmer raids – ordered raid of homes of suspected radicals without search warrants. 6,000 arrested. Sacco & Vanzetti – claimed innocence but executed for armed robbery

Racial Conflict Lynchings by white vigilantes. Whites and blacks competed for factory jobs in the north after the Great Migration. Resentments over housing, jobs, and segregation exploded during the summer of 1919; over 20 race riots.