Early People (Chapter Two) Hunters and Gatherers (Lesson One)

Living and Working Together Most early people lived in bands with around 30 people. Why do you think early people lived in bands? Early people spent much of their time searching for food (edible plants and animals) How much time do you spend searching for the food? Early men hunted large animals like woolly rhinos, giant oxen, and mammoths

Living and Working Together (Continued) Early people would use all parts of the animal they killed (meat for food, skin for clothing and shelter, and bones for tools) They also made tools of stone or wood What are the tools we use today made of? Early people never had permanent homes-they had to follow the migrating animals

Early People on the Move What enables people today to live in one place? As bands grew in number they had to acquire more food To find an antiquate food supply they had to expand their hunting lands Over a long period of time these increased migrations populated the earth During the last Ice Age early people entered North America by coming over the Bering Land Bridge (as they followed the migrating animals

Early Cultures and Society As bands spread throughout the world they began to create their own way of doing things What would happen if this class was separated from the rest of the world for fifty years? Would we develop our own way of doing things? Would the world outside change? Different clans wore different types of clothing, spoke different languages, ate different foods, developed different beliefs, and created different forms of entertainment In large bands people began to specialize in their work or did the jobs they were good at

Herders and Farmers Pastoral societies Farming societies People began producing their own food about 10,000 years ago Sheep, goats, and pigs were likely the first domesticated animals Nomads would move with their domesticated animals to find grazing lands Nomads did not live in permanent settlements Women may have been the 1st to domesticate plants Barley and wheat were likely the 1st plants grown People no longer moved from place to place New forms of technology were created and people used animals to assist in farming (oxen pulling a plow)

Effects of Farming Positive Negative People no longer had to follow migrating animals People had a constant food supply Complex societies developed New forms of technology were created People had to produce food for their livestock If crops failed or livestock became sick, people could starve The first wars were fought over farmland

Early Settlements and Cities Jericho: Was built near an oasis By 8,000 B.C. it was an important trading center Located in south west Asia A wall was built around the city to protect its people and water supply

Catal Huyuk Located in south central Turkey Founded around 7,000 B.C. As many as 6,000 people lived there People lived in mud housed that were entered from the roof The people living in Catal Huyuk had a short life expectancy

Ur Built along the banks of the Euphrates river and the Persian Gulf Was established before 3,000 B.C. People had specialized jobs Had established laws, customs, religion, and jobs People lived rectangular homes

The Ice Mummy Found in the Italian Alps Was over 5,300 years old May have been a leader (tattoos, copper axe, and advanced age) Had an arrow stuck in his back Artifacts found with him were: copper axe, mushrooms, clothing, bow, arrows, dagger, wood box (coals)