Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya

Evolution of Land Plants 500 mya land plants evolved – special adaptations for life on dry land _________________________________ – ____________________________ _________________________________ – ____________________________ _________________________________ – ____________________________ _________________________________ – ____________________________

Plant Evolution conifers colonization of land Ancestral Protist Gymnosperm pollen & naked seeds Pteridophytes seedless vascular plants Bryophytes non-vascular land plants Angiosperm flowers & fruit conifers

Animal life cycle haploid unicellular gametes 1n diploid multicellular individual 2n

Plant life cycle haploid unicellular gametes 1n diploid multicellular individual 2n gametes 1n spores 1n

diploidhaploid Bryophytes: 1 st land plants __________________________________ ___________________________ no water transport system no true roots – dominant stage? ___________________________ fuzzy moss plant you are familiar with is haploid – reproduction? ___________________________ – flagellated spores – sprout to form gametophyte Where must mosses live?

Pteridophytes: 1 st vascular plants ________________________ __________________________ water transport system xylem, phloem, roots, leaves – dominant stage? __________________________ – reproduction? __________________________ – flagellated Spores - sprout to form gametophyte diploid haploid Where must ferns live?

Alternation of generations Fern gametophyte (1n) – __________________: male & female gamete production on same plant ________

diploid Alternation of generations haploid produces male & female gametes

First seed plants: Gymnosperm Gymnosperm: conifers ___________________________ – xylem, phloem, roots, leaves – dominant stage? ___________________________ – reduction of gametophyte protects delicate egg & embryo in protective sporophyte – protected from drought & UV radiation ___________________: male vs. female gametophytes – reproduction? ___________________________ – naked seeds (no fruit) ___________________________ – contain male gametophyte Where can conifers live?

Cones & naked seeds

male female male (pollen) cones female cones sporangium & pollen pine embryo

First flowering plants Angiosperm: flowering plants ___________________________ dominant stage? ___________________________ protects egg & embryo ______________________: male vs. female gametophytes reproduction? ______________________________ ___________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________ ______________________________ contain male gametophyte

______ new sporophyte in seed (diploid) __________ ______________ female gametophyte = ovary sac (haploid) male gametophyte = pollen grain (haploid) sperm nuclei travel down pollen tube ______________ ______ double fertilization Angiosperm life cycle

Anther Filament Stamen Stigma Style Ovary Carpel Sepal Petal Ovule sepals petals Flower Modified shoot with 4 rings of modified leaves – ____________ male – ____________ female stamens carpel adaptations through mutations

Seed & Plant embryo Seed offers… – ________________ ________________ __________ seed coat endosperm (3n) cotyledons embryo (2n) cotyledons = seed leaves, first leaves of new plant cotyledons = seed leaves, first leaves of new plant

Monocots & dicots Angiosperm are divide into 2 classes – _______________________ _________________________ leaves with network of veins woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans – _______________________ _________________________ leaves with parallel veins grasses, palms, lilies

Features of Mono and Dicotyledons