Asia Since 1945 CHAPTER 32 Section 1: Aftermath of the War in Europe 8/26/2019 CHAPTER 32 Asia Since 1945 Section 1: Aftermath of the War in Europe Section 2: Origins of the Cold War Section 3: Reconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in Europe Section 4: The United States and Canada

South Asia After Empire Section 1: South Asia After Empire Objectives: Explain how differences between Hindus and Muslims led to a divided India. Identify problems that India faced after independence. Describe how Pakistan and Bangladesh developed after the partition of India.

South Asia After Empire Section 1: South Asia After Empire The End of British Rule Wartime developments – Hindus wanted complete separation from Great Britain; Muslim League wanted Muslim state separate from India The partition of India – violence caused by religious divisions

South Asia After Empire Section 1: South Asia After Empire Independent India Government leaders and policies – Nehru began nonalignment; Indira Gandhi was assassinated after attacking Sikh holy place Social and economic problems – increased poverty, disease, population Foreign relations - nonalignment The continuing problem of Kashmir – Pakistan and India both wanted Kashmir

The Division of Pakistan Section 1: South Asia After Empire The Division of Pakistan Independence for Bangladesh – division of East Pakistan and West Pakistan Bangladesh and Pakistan today – Bangladesh faces problems of war and natural disasters; Pakistan faces political unrest

Communist China and Its Influence Section 2: Communist China and Its Influence Objectives: Describe how Mao Zedong’s government tried to rebuild China after World War II. Identify what happened at Tiananmem Square and what the consequences were for China. Explain why Korea was divided and how the two Koreas have developed since 1953. Explain why China and Taiwan have been in conflict.

Communist China and Its Influence Section 2: Communist China and Its Influence China Under Mao Zedong The People’s Republic of China – Five-Year Plan was successful in creating economic growth The Great Leap Forward – a second Five-Year Plan for further industrialization failed The Cultural Revolution – violent attempt to rid China of old customs and replace with new socialist culture had a devastating effect

Communist China and Its Influence Section 2: Communist China and Its Influence China After Mao Tiananmen Square Massacre – pro-democracy student demonstrators were killed or wounded by army in public square Foreign relations since 1949 – most Western nations withdrew aid to China; conflicts between China and Soviet Union; improved relations with United States

Communist China and Its Influence Section 2: Communist China and Its Influence A Divided Korea Korea had been divided after World War II; plans for uniting north and south failed South Korea – republic; dictators promoted economic growth, people had little political freedom North Korea – communist; faced famine and economic collapse

The Nationalists in Taiwan Section 2: Communist China and Its Influence The Nationalists in Taiwan China considered Taiwan a Chinese province, but allowed self-government Taiwan held open elections and voted out Nationalist Party leaders, wanted independence

The Japanese Miracle Objectives: Section 3: Identify the factors that allowed Japan to recover effectively after World War II. Describe the economic and social changes that occurred in Japan from the 1950s onward. Explain how the relationship between Japan and the United States changed in the years since World War II.

The Occupation of Japan Section 3: The Japanese Miracle The Occupation of Japan Demilitarize Japan Create new nonmilitary, democratic government

The Japanese Miracle Postwar Developments Section 3: Economic development – land reform, advanced technology Social changes – higher standard of living, more women in workplace, more pollution

Foreign Relations and Political Life Section 3: The Japanese Miracle Foreign Relations and Political Life A more independent stance – Japan maintained friendly ties with United States after World War II, but began to follow its own course in 1980s, giving money and political aid to other countries Politics in Japan – Liberal-Democratic Party, Socialists disagreed; LDP controlled government for many years

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Objectives: Describe the causes and effects of dictatorships in the Philippines and Indonesia. Explain how the Vietnam War affected Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Identify the problems that the nations of Southeast Asia faced as they struggled to create stable governments.

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia The Philippines Ferdinand Marcos – declared martial law and created new constitution to control Communist and Muslim revolts Corazon Aquino – brought back democracy and promoted new business

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Burma (Myanmar) Independence brought lack of strong government, communist attempts to seize country U Nu brought order, but was overthrown by Ne Win Military rule refused to give up power after free election was won by opposing party

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Indonesia Sukarno – first president of Republic of Indonesia who became dictator; economy suffered Suharto – overthrew government with armed forces; poorly managed government, human rights abuses

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Vietnam Division and war – Ho Chi Minh led communist state in north zone; Ngo Dinh Diem was president of non-communist government in south American involvement – Tet Offensive, Paris Peace Accords, South Vietnam surrendered A reunited Vietnam – financial problems were alleviated when government allowed private business

Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Section 4: Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia Laos and Cambodia Laos – civil war, assistance from Vietnam to control anticommunist factions, trade agreements with United States, Japan and Russia Cambodia – Viet Cong trained and armed Khmer Rouge to take over government, genocide to control dissent

Asian Paths to Prosperity Section 5: Asian Paths to Prosperity Objectives: Explain what led Asian governments to impose tight controls in their countries. Describe the problems Asian countries faced as they tried to develop their economies and how they solved those problems. Explain how economic success in Asian countries affected the West.

Political Development Section 5: Asian Paths to Prosperity Political Development Ethnic divisions Government security Economic growth

Asian Paths to Prosperity Section 5: Asian Paths to Prosperity Economic Development Barriers to economic development – export of agricultural goods and natural resources brought low prices Cooperating for development – Asian countries formed economic alliances Economic expansion – “Four Tigers” were important in world markets; problems included political instability, overpopulation

Asian Cultural Diffusion Section 5: Asian Paths to Prosperity Asian Cultural Diffusion Economic success alarmed some business leaders, served as model for others