Pathophysiological interactions between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Pathophysiological.

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Figure 4 BMI and mortality in patients with heart failure

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Kaplan–Meier curves of 12-month survival after an index chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related hospitalisation according to level of moderate and.

The intermittent hypoxia model in normal volunteers.

Immunostaining for lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) adduct in the lungs of smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary.

Distribution of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) Fontaine stages over the combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Global Initiative.

Diagnostic and management strategy recommended in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) suspicion [52, 75–77]. Diagnostic and management strategy recommended.

Conceptual framework of the interaction between environmental exposure including smoking, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) level and/or AAT genotype, other genetic.

a–h) Examples of short frenula in children and teenagers.

Body mass index (BMI) among subjects with normal spirometry, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and restrictive spirometry. Body mass index (BMI)

Level of physical activity by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, BODE (body mass index, FEV1 for airflow obstruction, dyspnoea,

Occurrence of morning symptoms

Representative photomicrograph of small airways abnormalities in a subject with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Representative photomicrograph of.

Extent of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. A simple stratification that utilises pulmonary function.

The distribution of the extent of change in inspiratory capacity (IC) during exercise is shown in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Representative diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) tracings at rest (a and b) and during maximum voluntary ventilation (c and d) in a healthy subject (a and.

Changes in operating lung volumes are shown as ventilation increases with exercise in a) age-matched normal subjects (n = 25) and b) chronic obstructive.

Association between cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on mortality. Association between.

Prevalence of comorbidities in pooled studies of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prevalence of comorbidities in pooled studies.

A–f) Respiratory mechanical measurements during incremental cycle exercise in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and age-matched.

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in relation to active smoking, stratified by age. □: nonsmokers; ▒: 1–10 cigarettes per day; ░: 11–20 cigarettes per day;

Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) patterns during sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) alone and the overlap syndrome. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (apnoea/hypopnoea index ≥15 events·h−1) in a) males aged 50–69 years and b) females aged 50–69 years with.

3-year survival of lung cancer patients in the general population and in those with a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Benefit–risk balance and its individual determinants with personalised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment choices. Benefit–risk balance.

A family-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme enhanced the coping resources of the families of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity on different parameters of ventilatory inefficiency during incremental cardiopulmonary.

Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple drawing. Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple.

A summary of the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical implications of the pulmonary vascular and cardiac abnormalities in interstitial lung disease.

a) Central sleep apnoea.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for outcomes among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) (COPD group),

Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on aetiology. •: congenital heart disease; ▪: collagen vascular disease; ▵: HIV-related;

Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the history of chronic cough/phlegm. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Proportion of patients in each World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) at the time of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated systemic sclerosis.

Exertional dyspnoea intensity is shown relative to a) work rate and b) diaphragm electromyography relative to maximum (EMGdi/EMGdi,max) during incremental.

Exercise confers cardioprotection through improved vascular function.

A) Levels of nitrosothiols in breath condensate in normal healthy smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). b) Increased.

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Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) management strategy.

Scatter plot of body mass index (BMI) versus forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and linear correlation lines for normal spirometry and.

A) 8-isoprostane levels in exhaled breath condensate in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). *: p

Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Exposure.

The effect of inhaled tiotropium (18 μg once daily) on the improvement in treadmill exercise endurance time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary.

Pathophysiology of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).

Survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients in World Health Organization functional class (FC) at baseline IV is extremely poor.

Circulating serum inflammatory markers, a) neutrophils, b) platelets, c) fibrinogen and d) C-reactive protein (CRP), in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

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Effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on SF-36-measured health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures versus the normal population and other.

The complexity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) for consideration in a personalised medicine approach. The complexity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)

Distribution of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in relation to functional class (FC) for congenital heart disease patients with a) atrial septal.

Schematic diagram of the shared subgroups between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Schematic diagram of the shared subgroups between.

Forest plot from meta-analysis carried out on four studies including high-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment a) assessing the relative risk of chronic.

Correlation between inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio and oxygen pulse at peak exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification based on symptom and risk evaluation. a) GOLD model of symptom/risk evaluation.

Clinical findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)

Distribution and change of the underlying disease in patients discharged with home mechanical ventilation (n = 854). ♦: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

Kaplan–Meier survival plot of 101 cases of severe (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 3) and very severe (GOLD stage 4)

A) Operating lung volumes and b) breathing frequency (Fb) during incremental cycle exercise in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Evidence-based indications for noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) according to the severity and time of acute respiratory failure (ARF) [18].

24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of.

Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary hypertension (PH) subjects. Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary.

Interventional bronchoscopic and surgical treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interventional bronchoscopic and surgical treatments.

Mean change from baseline in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) in the a) phase III CAPACITY [27] and b) ASCEND [14] studies. #: n=174; ¶:

A–f) Diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) and selected ventilatory and indirect gas exchange responses to incremental cycle exercise test in patients with.

Baseline New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) predicts survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension using infused epoprostenol therapy.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of a representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with different degrees.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees.

Correlation between leg fluid volume (LFV) displacement measured by electrical impedance and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in non-obese obstructive sleep.

Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (Rio) compared with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with chronic.

Effect of placebo (n=88) and bosentan (n=80) on the co-primary end-point pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the EARLY (Endothelial Antagonist Trial.

The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a mixture of the natural history of the various phenotypes making up the umbrella.

Presentation transcript:

Pathophysiological interactions between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Pathophysiological interactions between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Interactions between COPD, sleep and OSAS are shown, highlighting factors relating to COPD that may promote or inhibit the development of obstructive apnoea and hypopnoea (OAH). BMI: body mass index; REM: rapid eye movement. Reproduced from [50] with permission from the publisher. Walter T. McNicholas et al. Eur Respir Rev 2013;22:365-375 ©2013 by European Respiratory Society