Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L06TJTMVkBo Blood Types

Personalities by Blood Type

Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

Paternity Testing Yvonne (BB) is sure that Jonathan (AB) is the father of her baby (AB), but Jonathan disagrees. Could the Jonathan be the father? Blood tests can not prove that someone is the father, they can only prove WHO IS NOT THE FATHER.

Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

Paternity Blood Test Problems Let‘s take a break and work on some “Who‘s NOT the daddy??“ problems. Blood Types & Paternity Tests Genetic Paternity Tests (optional)

Human Pedigrees https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuk0W10EveU A Pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence of a particular gene amongst a persons’ ancestors from one generation to the next. With the help of a pedigree genetic relationships within a family can be analyzed. This is very helpful when a genetic disease runs within a family or if one wants to analyse dominant and recessive traits that run in his7her family. Pedigrees are not only used for human, but also to identify dominant and receissive traits in the blood lines of show dogs and race horses.

Human Pedigrees Simple Pedigree Chart Problems Let‘s take a break and work on: Simple Pedigree Chart Problems Advanced – Tracking Genes with Pedigrees

Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

What makes us human? We have to look inside our cells and take a look at our chromosomes How many chromosomes do we have inside each cell? Humans have 46 chromosomes: 23 from the sperm (father) 23 from the egg (mother)

Karyotype Scientists study the human chromosomes by grouping them A picture of the 46 chromosomes

Normal Karyotypes  Which one is male /female?

Karyotypes Signs: Down Syndrome Extra copy of chromosome 21 Small, misshaped ears Small, wide hands, Round eyes Small head Wide space between big toe and the second toes Overly flexible joints Shorter than normal height

Karyotypes Typical issues: Weak muscles Heart condotion; hole in heart Kidney malfunction Hearing problems Sensitive to infections (weak immune system) Mental age of about 12 year old Speech problem

What is the cause of abnormal Karyotypes ? Nondisjunction Normal - disjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

Chromosomal Disorders What is the link between DNA bases and genetic disorders? Many genetic disorders are still a mystery to scientists Well understood examples: Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease A small change in the DNA of a single gene affects the structure of a protein Causing a serious genetic disorder

Chromosomal Disorders What is the link between DNA bases and genetic disorders? a change in the DNA of a gene affects the structure of a protein What is protein? body tissues such as membranes, muscle, hair, collagen, enzymes, antibodies, blood cells….

Chromosomal Disorders Cystic Fibrosis: Most common among people with ancestors from Northern Europe Caused by a recessive allele on chromosome 7

Chromosomal Disorders Cystic Fibrosis: Symptoms: Serious digestive problems Production of a thick, heavy mucus that clogs the lungs

Chromosomal Disorders -> Cystic Fibrosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCrS7Mauzf0 What is the link between DNA bases and Cystic Fibrosis? Deletion of 3 bases in the DNA of a gene. What does that mean? A small part of the protein is missing (3 bases = 1 Amino Acid) Protein is channel inside the membrane of the lungs Channel can not open up, because it is misshaped Result: formation of mucus in lungs

Chromosomal Disorders Sickle Cell Disease: Common among African Americans Bent & twisted shape of a red blood cell Not as flexible Get stuck in small blood vessels Cause of blood clots & stops blood flow

Chromosomal Disorders -> Sickle Cell Disease Symptoms Causes damage to tissues and organs Pain inside the body Damages brain & heart Fatigue Interesting Fact: People who are heterozygous are healthy & Immune against malaria

Chromosomal Disorders -> Sickle Cell Disease https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CsgXHdWqVs What is the link between DNA bases and sickle cell disease? Just one DNA base is changed

Blood Types Paternity Testing Pedigrees Karyotypes Chromosomal Disorders Human Heredity

Research: Genetic disorders Jacobsen syndrome Spinocerebellar ataxia Myotonic dystrophy Huntington disease Tay-Sachs disease Fragile –X syndrome Turner Syndrome Williams syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Wilson disease Usher syndrome Waardenburg syndrome Marfan syndrome Groups of 1 or 2 students Pick genetic disorder Conduct research Create a 5 minute prezi or PPT presentation Create an informative handout Present your presentation to the class