Extracellular BMP modulators have different effects on endothelial cell sprouting in the tube formation assay. Extracellular BMP modulators have different.

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Extracellular BMP modulators have different effects on endothelial cell sprouting in the tube formation assay. Extracellular BMP modulators have different effects on endothelial cell sprouting in the tube formation assay. Serum-starved HUVECs were untreated or treated with bFGF (50 ng/ml) as a positive control, or with extracellular BMP modulators at the indicated concentrations, for 16–18 hours before they were seeded onto Matrigel with 2% FBS medium. Cumulative sprout length of capillary-like structures was measured after 3 hours. (A) Chordin, (C) noggin, (E) gremlin and (G) Tsg. In addition, the number of branch points was quantified for (B) chordin, (D) noggin, (F) gremlin and (H) Tsg. Values are means ± s.e.m.; n = 3; *P<0.05 versus control. Jennifer Heinke et al. J Cell Sci 2013;126:3082-3094 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd