Quarter 4: Unit 1: Classification Sytems 18-1

1.) Taxonomy – the branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history. 2.) Species Name – the scientific name of an organism has two parts; the genus and species identifier. 3.) Species Identifier – usually a descriptive word of the species.

4.) Binomial Nomenclature – a system of naming organisms that uses the genus name and a species identifier. 5.) Varieties – a further division or subset of species. 6.) Subspecies – varieties of animal species that occur in different geographical areas.

7.) Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group.

18-2

1.) Systematics – systematic taxonomy; taxonomic organization of living things in the context of evolution. 2.) Phylogenetic Tree – a family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms. 3.) Cladistics – a new system of phylogenetic classification; uses certain features of organisms (shared derived characters) to establish evolutionary relationships.

4.) Cladograms – ancestry diagrams made by means of cladistics analysis

18-3

1.) Kingdom Archaebacterial – unicellular prokaryotes with distinctive cell membranes as well as biochemical and genetic properties that differ from all other kinds of life. 2.) Kingdom Eubacteria – unicellular prokaryotes, most species use oxygen, most bacteria that affect your life 3.) Kingdom Protista – made up of a variety of eukaryotic , mostly single-celled organisms

4.) Kingdom Fungi – made up of heterotrophic unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms; absorb nutrients rather than ingesting them. 5.) Kingdom Plantae – consists of multicellular plants; are autotrophic and use photosynthesis as a source of energy. 6.) Kingdom Animalia – eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms; symmetrical body organization and move about their environment.

7.) Domains – all living things seem to fall naturally into three broad groups based on rRNA analysis; bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.