Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) in Asia and the Pacific region OzonAction Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) in Asia and the Pacific region Agra, India 23 May 2017 Shamila Nair-Bedouelle, Head, OzonAction Programme

OzonAction CAP mandate UN Environment became an Implementing Agency of Montreal Protocol’s Multilateral Fund on 19 June 1991 Article 10 of Protocol established the financial mechanism (Multilateral Fund) to meet agreed incremental costs of developing countries’ compliance & to finance clearinghouse function UN Environment was given the Clearinghouse mandate, which is delivered through OzonAction  OzonAction strengthens the institutional capacity of governments - particularly the operational focal points for Montreal Protocol known as National Ozone Units (NOUs) - & industry in 147 developing countries to elaborate & enforce the policies required to implement the Protocol & to make informed decisions about alternative technologies Goal is to enable countries to meet & sustain their compliance obligations under the treaty Part of the Chemicals & Health Branch, Economy Division Deliver projects & services to developing countries through Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) teams located in UN Environment’s Regional Offices and Paris HQ

OzonAction’s project clients Very large volume consuming countries UNEP implements project Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Korea RO, Saudi Arabia, Thailand No UNEP project Medium volume consuming countries Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo DR, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Korea DPR, Korea Rep, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen Albania, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Armenia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia FYR, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Republic of Moldova, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome & Principe, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe LVCs Data from Inventory 148 Article 5 countries Categories are based on HCFC baselines, categories are LVC = 360 MT consumption or less; very large = 10,000 MT consumption and above. LVCs countries = 91 Medium countries = 50 Very large countries = 7 CAP has the majority of IS projects under the MLF For projects UNEP has projects in all Article 5 countries except 25 (white) UNEP has IS projects in

A challenging work environment147 developing countries 48 Least Developed Countries 38 Small Island Developing States (13 PICs) Countries facing specific challenges (post-conflict, political upheaval, natural disasters) Afghanistan, Haiti, Iraq, Somalia, South Sudan, Timor Leste… Low Volume to Very High Volume consumers Niue to China 48 countries classified as LDCs 38 Small Island Developing States A number of countries facing specific issues

9 Regional Networks National Ozone Officers -147 developing countries

Types of Networking CAP Services E-mail Telephone / Skype/Whatsup/ Country Mission South-South Cooperation Etc. Meeting / Workshop CAP Service Network & Thematic Meeting Compliance monitoring Policy Support Technical Assistance Data Reporting Awareness and Information Monitoring and Control of ODS Trade NOU Capacity Building South-south Cooperation

CAP Services Services Description Network & thematic meetings Facilitate participation in Network & thematic meetings Compliance monitoring Non-compliance risk analysis Policy support Assist with enforcement of HCFC licensing and/or quota systems Data reporting Assist with timely and accurate reporting Article 7 and CP data Awareness and Information Assist with Regional Awareness activities Monitoring & control of ODS trade Encourage use of iPIC NOU capacity building Training of new Ozone staffs Technical assistance Standards, labeling, good practices South-South cooperation Facilitate South-South cooperation with another country

CCAC HFC Inventory and China Trust Fund Project South Asia Network 2017 Approximately 35 MLF and non MLF projects ongoing with many in Large Volume consuming countries. The only network working in Large Volume countries Main bi-lateral developed country partner: Japan Country (13countries) CAP Services IS Project (6) HPMP (12 ) ODS Alt. Inventory (8) Non-MLF Projects Afghanistan X Bangladesh Bhutan China India Iran DPR Korea Republic of Korea Maldives CCAC HFC Inventory and China Trust Fund Project Mongolia CCAC HFC Inventory Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Regional USEPA project

SA Network – Highlights in 2017 Regional Approach/South-South, North-south Cooperation Border dialogue to strengthen ODS border trade in the region (1. Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran and 2. Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and India) Facilitate south-south cooperation for capacity building (Sri Lanka-Maldives, Sri Lanka- Pakistan, Philippines- Pakistan, Iran-India, Iran-Indonesia) Capacity building of new Ozone Officers from Afghanistan, China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal and Pakistan Assistance from Ministry of Skill Development, India to SAARC countries on certification of technicians Assistance of SARSO on Standards formulation for Bangladesh, India, Iran, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Technical and policy support for ratification of Kigali amendment Mainstreaming and synergies: SPP, Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Tourism

SA Network – Highlight in 2017 USEPA project: Regional Programme for Enhancing Institutional Capacity for HCFC Phase-out linked to Energy Efficiency and Climate benefits in Asia Pacific: Spinoffs: Innovative Stage 2 HPMP (India, Iran others): linkages with Green procurement, energy efficiency, standards, green buildings and cold chain National Action Plan for Climate and Energy benefits of HCFC phase-out: Linkage with GEF project (Maldives) and EC project (Bhutan) First ever Green procurement best practice for HCFC phase out: Mongolia: New International Airport. Green Building code in Sri Lanka: January 2017 SAARC funding (SDF): Implementation of Climate and Energy Use Component of HPMPs in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (in pipeline)

HIGHLIGHTS First Pakistan Ozone2climate technology roadshow launched by Minister of Environment Launch of Stage II HPMP India- first ever HPMP to include the phase out of ODS linked to energy efficiency, cold chain and building sector

CAP Global Activities Asia and the Pacific Lead Highlights in 2017 PIC-SA-SEAP Networks - working with countries, regional and international partners to better understand the demand and supply of ODS to this sector. International Conference on Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in Marine and Off-Shore Fisheries Sectors, 6-8 April 2017 Estimated 200 participants - public & private sectors, developed & developing countries; males & females Emerging issue - UN Environment’s innovative idea (this subject was first seeded by the Pacific National Ozone Officers Conclusion and outcomes of this international event to be considered into the development of 2018 CAP GLOBAL work plan.

Cooling needs are increasing = A throng of shoppers in Myungdong, downtown Seoul © UN Photo/Kibae Park | Air conditioners © Shutterstock

Asia population today Asia is the largest and most populous continent on earth with an estimated population in 2016 of 4.4 billion people How to safely feed 4.4 billion in Asia today? How to meet 4.4 billion cooling and building needs?

OzonAction Branch

COLD CHAIN Basic health care services, food safety - security bringing food safely from farms to markets One third of the food produced is lost or wasted; of that amount- two-thirds is lost between the farm and the markets, and a further third lost between the markets and the consumers The majority is lost in developing countries…. In developed countries it is mainly food waste that is the concern… In Asia, deficit in access to cold chain technology – refrigeration for goods has a major role in food loss. How to safely feed 4.47 billion in Asia today? The lack of reliable and adequate cold chain facilities in one of the main causes of losses of perishable products reliable food cold chain could significantly reduce food losses and aid in better feeding nations

COLD CHAIN SUPPLY How does the performance of various alternative technologies vary in terms of energy-efficiency, charge volumes, space and costs? When considering the options, the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of the refrigerants has to be considered, which included, inter alia, the ease of installing the system, and the expense of doing that, whether changes can be made to the system at a minimal cost, whether the refrigerant is readily available and affordable, and whether the applicable codes and standards existed.

COLD FOOD CHAIN SUPPLY How can industry link the issue of food protection-health with climate-friendly refrigerants in the food cold chain? beneficial to do so! Are there particular technology issues/challenges with the cold chain that is international, eg with refrigerated containers/equipment crossing country borders? Are there currently any significant barriers to market penetration -adoption of low GWP energy efficient options that are specific to the food cold chain? (regulatory framework, availability of alternatives, standards, codes of good practice etc) Servicing sector needs: technicians qualified / certified to service equipment and handle flammable?; training, certification and seasonal technicians?

FOOD COLD CHAIN SUPPLY Standard setting and development; policy outreach initiatives What additional needs standards certification for market penetration; do multinationals from developed countries apply the same standards when working in developing countries? Hypermarkets cannot alone ensure an un broken cold chain. Responsibility in every step of the cold chain. Creation and implementation of appropriate legislation based on a code for the food cold chain?

Building sector in Asia Today, more thank half of Asia’s population live in cities Experts predict that 70 percent of the buildings in India that will be standing in 2030 have yet to be built. Existing buildings and new buildings are major consumers of HCFC based RAC systems, fire extinguishers, insulation, foams and solvents. Building sector HCFC phase-out related policy and capacity-building needs to be addressed in the HPMP Stage-II strategy Future growth in Asia presents a tremendous opportunity to reinvent the way we build – to benefit the economy, society and enable humanity and nature to thrive together  Such growth presents significant opportunities, but also challenges Cooling capacity and choice of refrigerants?

The strategic elements of A future Compliance Assistance Programme or “enabling” components Policy & Enforcement Framework Regulatory and market mechanism to promote manufacture and import/export of non-HCFC based equipment - low GWP. Enforcement capacity building to tackle emerging challenges of HCFC phase-out. Border dialogue countries and sub regions in Asia to curb cross border illegal trade Focus on import/export information sharing through iPIC. Standards for safe handling of non-HCFC alternatives Strengthening public procurement of non-HCFC based low GWP alternatives equipment. 21

The strategic elements of Enabling components Awareness, Outreach and Communication Awareness workshops for new stakeholders like National and Regional Cold Chain Development, Energy Efficient Services, etc Knowledge products for technicians and new stakeholders Industry Roundtable & Technology Exhibition with ISHRAE- ASHRAE Strengthening the national HPMP websites Partners: Industry associations, large manufacturers, dealers and vendors 22

The strategic approaches of the Enabling components for HPMPs Standards for Flammable HCFC alternatives Non HCFC alternatives- it is important that national level standards for installation, transportation, storage, operation and maintenance of such refrigerants in RAC system are placed well before the expected transition. Internationally and regionally there are existing standards and mechanisms that can be nationalized through the HCFC phase-out management processes 23

The strategic approaches of the Enabling components for HPMPs Strengthening of the RAC Associations Work on technology transfer, training & capacity building and regulations implementation, technical information exchange, and establish linkages with OEMs and servicing sector. Assist in strengthening cooperation with industry (both domestic and international players selling HCFC based RAC equipment) on training relating to good RAC servicing practices, transportation, handling, management & the use of flammable and toxic refrigerant and in developing a national standard of RAC equipment using flammable refrigerant. 24

The strategic elements of the Enabling component Sector Based ODS Policy Development Public Procurement policies for non-HCFC alternatives Building sector interventions Cold Chain Sector Energy Efficiency in RAC Service Sector Practices 25

Montreal Protocol Thank you!