Community Mobilization and Participation Cycle Presented by Susan Wong, CDD Global Lead Contributions by: Maria Loreta Padua and Vara Vemuru March 1, 2018

Session Overview Learning Objective Pre-entry Activities: Targeting, engagement with local government; staff deployment Community Mobilization and Participation (CMP) Cycle: Principles, stages and corresponding output objectives, key processes and critical considerations

Session Objectives Familiarize with key principles and features of the community mobilization and participation cycle Identify key challenges or pitfalls in community mobilization and corresponding measures to address such issues

Key principles of CMP Cycle Iterative – moves back and forth through stages of cycle Cyclical – repeated exercise of core stages of CMP to build community capacity Proceeds from simple to complex; Progressive transfer management from external facilitator to community leaders

Community-based monitoring Social Preparation Community-based monitoring COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION & PARTICIPATION CYCLE Community-managed implementation Community planning

Pre-entry activities Formalizing engagement with local government Training and deployment of facilitators Social investigation

Pre-entry: Engaging Local Government Program orientation Clarifying institutional/partnership arrangements (esp. counterparts) Formalizing entry (e.g., memo of agreement) Introducing the team

Pre-entry: Deployment of community facilitators Formalizing deployment – matching community worker with area based on: Geographic characteristics; Socio-cultural factors Language considerations Security considerations Making logistics arrangements (e.g. housing, transportation)

Community-based monitoring Social Preparation Community-based monitoring COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION & PARTICIPATION CYCLE Community-managed implementation Community planning

Social Preparation Participants: All villagers or % of HHs in village assembly Project can prescribe participation rate/ conditions e.g. quorum Make sure women & marginalized groups are adequately represented Elect various committees (project support, FM, procurement, grievance, monitoring)

Social Preparation Core activities: Integration of Community Facilitator(CF) Village assembly for program orientation Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), e.g, Community map Venn diagram Wealth ranking Assembly to validate PRA results

Community Planning Participants: Community volunteers All villagers or % of HHs during assembly Reps. of key government agencies as resource persons during project development or for technical review of subprojects Village reps to inter-village forum

Community Planning Core Activities: Prepare multi-year Village Development Plan Select specific subproject priorities Selection of representatives to inter-village forum Organization of inter-village forum Inter-village forum or meeting to prioritize subprojects Prepare detailed subproject designs for infrastructure Technical engineering design Social and environmental safeguards screening FM, procurement Detailed workplan

Community-Managed Subproject Implementation Participants: Project committees & community members Local government for technical assistance Main implementing agencies for supervision and quality assurance

Community-Managed Subproject Implementation Core Activities: Organizational meeting of implementation committees Training of community volunteers on operational guidelines (including FM, procurement and monitoring) Subproject implementation per plan Regular monitoring/reporting on subproject implementation status; Quality assessment of completed subproject and preparation for turn-over

Community-based Monitoring Participants: Community Monitoring Committee Core activities: Organizational meeting and training of monitoring team Facilitated regular preparation of reports Comm volunteer reflection sessions on lessons learned Feedback to assembly

Transition to next cycle Updating of Village Development Plan using monitoring reports and experiential learnings from previous cycle as input Integration of CDD in local systems/ process Gradual transfer of roles from facilitators to community volunteers/ local government Hand-over of SPs to CBOs or village government for O & M Leadership/organizational development

Transition A Community Facilitator's job is to increase the people's role and participation in community development and therefore decrease their need for him or her in the process.

Techniques to address common pitfalls Elite capture lack of facility/service as the “problem” “Edifice complex” CF study formal & informal social structures/sources of power Criteria based Community Volunteer selection Assurance of mentoring/coaching Disqualify formal/political leaders from committee Include performance indicator related to participation Ensure sufficient skill/training on facilitating problem analysis Use participatory tools (e.g. participatory rural assessment or PRA) Prepare “negative” list Preferential focus on basic services as part of program rule

Techniques to address common pitfalls Collusion Non-delivery of local counterpart contribution Non-performing community facilitator Spot checks/CSO monitoring Grievance redress mechanism Be clear about sanctions/penalties Rules of disengagement Include Local counterpart contribution as criteria for proceeding with subsequent cycles Post/Publicize local community contribution Output-based work plan Spot check by supervisor Peer evaluation