Anti-IgE efficacy in murine asthma models is dependent on the method of allergen sensitization Daniel B. Tumas, DVM, PhDa, Betty Chan, BSb, Winifred.

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Anti-IgE efficacy in murine asthma models is dependent on the method of allergen sensitization Daniel B. Tumas, DVM, PhDa, Betty Chan, BSb, Winifred Werther, BSb, Terri Wrin, BSb, Joann Vennari, BAb, Noelyn Desjardin, BSb, Robert L. Shields, BSb, Paula Jardieu, PhDb Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 107, Issue 6, Pages 1025-1033 (June 2001) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.115625 Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schematic sensitization tools. Groups of C57/BL6 mice were sensitized to dust mite extract antigen by using the following 3 methods: (1) aerosolization alone; intraperitoneal inoculation with adjuvant (alum); and aerosolization with concomitant infection with human RSV. Two weeks after sensitization, the different groups of mice were then all similarly challenged with aerosol exposures of dust mite extract. DM , D pteronyssinus ; IN , intranasal. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Differential white blood cell counts in BALF from control groups and groups of animals sensitized and challenged with dust mite antigen. BALF was collected after aerosol challenge with dust mite antigen in animals previously sensitized to this antigen by means of the methods described. The mean number of total white blood cells (A) , the mean number of lymphocytes (B) , and the mean number of eosinophils (C) present in the BALF of each group of animals (n = 6-12 per group) are shown with error bars equivalent to the SD. The mean for each were compared between each group and the control group by using a Duncan new multiple range test (*P < .05). IP , Intraperitoneal; aero , aerosol. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Histopathology. Representative 3-μm thick sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin are shown from animals in the control group (A) , the aerosol/aerosol (aero/aero) group (B) , the RSV/aerosol (RSV/aero) group (C) , and the intraperitoneal/aerosol (IP/aero) group (D) . Lung specimens were evaluated histologically to assess the degree of inflammation and changes in the mucosa epithelium. There was consistent, significant, moderate eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation and marked mucosa epithelial cell hypertrophy with increased mucus production in animals in the intraperitoneal/aerosol and the RSV/aerosol groups. Inflammation and mucosa changes in the lung specimens of the aerosol/aerosol group animals were present but were less severe. In control animals there was no inflammation and no mucosa hypertrophy. In each group 6 to 12 animals were evaluated. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The effect of anti-IgE antibody on mean total serum and BALF IgE levels. Intraperitoneal/aerosol (IP/aero) and RSV/aerosol (RSV/aero) group animals sensitized to dust mite antigen by means of the methods described were administered anti-IgE antibody or were left untreated (n = 6 per group) just before and during challenged with aerosolized dust mite antigen. The total IgE levels from serum and BALF were measured by using ELISA. Anti-IgE treatment significantly reduced the IgE levels in the serum and BALF in all groups of animals evaluated, as determined by using a Duncan new multiple range test (P < .05). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 The effect of treatment with anti-IgE antibody on the differential white blood cell counts in BALF. Groups of animals were treated with anti-IgE antibody or were left untreated (n = 6 per group). BALF was collected after aerosol challenges with dust mite antigen in animals previously sensitized to allergen by means of the methods described. The mean number of total white blood cells (A) , the mean number of lymphocytes (B) , and the mean number of eosinophils (C) present in the BALF of each group of animals are shown with error bars equivalent to the SD. The means were compared between anti-IgE–treated and untreated groups by using a Duncan new multiple range test (P < .05). Anti-IgE treatment significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration into the lungs of animals in the aerosol/aerosol (aero/aero) and the RSV/aerosol (RSV/aero) groups (P < .05) but had no effect on the number of BALF eosinophils in animals in the intraperitoneal/aerosol (IP/aero) group. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 The effect of anti-IgE treatment on mucosa epithelial cell hypertrophy. The average thickness of the mucosa epithelium of the main intrapulmonary lobar bronchi was determined for normal animals, untreated animals in the intraperitoneal/aerosol (IP/aero) group, anti-IgE–treated animals in the intraperito-neal/aerosol group, untreated animals in the RSV/aerosol (RSV/aero) group, and anti-IgE–treated animals in the RSV/aerosol group (n = 6 per group). For each animal in each group, a mean thickness of the mucosa was determined by measuring the height of the mucosa from the basement membrane to the luminal surface of the main intrapulmonary lobar bronchi in 3-μm thick hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue. Anti-IgE treatment resulted in significant abrogation of mucosa thickening and mucosa epithelial cell hypertrophy in the RSV/aerosol group animals but had no effect on the mucosa height in intraperitoneal/aerosol group animals compared, as compared by using a Duncan new multiple range test (*P < .05). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 The effect of anti-IgE treatment on mucosa pathology in RSV/aerosol group animals. Representative histologic sections of main intrapulmonary lobar bronchi stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin or with Alcian blue-PAS dye are shown from a control animal (A and B ), an untreated animal in the RSV/aerosol group (C and D ), an anti-IgE–treated animal from the RSV/aerosol group (E and F ), and an anti-IgE–treated animal from the intraperitoneal/aerosol group (G and H ). The hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections (A , C , E , and G ; original magnification 400×) demonstrate the ameliorative effect of anti-IgE treatment in this model on both inhibiting eosinophilic inflammation and on decreasing mucosa epithelial cell hypertrophy. The Alcian blue-PAS stained sections (B , D , F , and H ; original magnification 800×) demonstrate the relative amount of mucin (stained bright red) present in the lobar bronchial mucosa. The height and relative amount of mucin in the mucosa epithelial cells of the lobar bronchi were reduced with anti-IgE treatment in the RSV/aerosol group animals. Anti-IgE treatment, however, had no effect on inflammation, mucosa height, or relative mucin production in intraperitoneal/aerosol group animals. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001 107, 1025-1033DOI: (10.1067/mai.2001.115625) Copyright © 2001 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions