Bell Ringer 10/16 Take out a piece of paper At the top of the page, write a K Around the middle of the page, write a W Near the bottom of the page, write an L Grab a book and skim through pages 184-191 K: Write down what you know about the Middle Ages W: Write down what you want to know about the Middle Ages

Today Go over Chapter 4 tests Begin discussing the Middle Ages

World History Chapter 8 Section 1 The Early Middle Ages

Objective Understand the importance of certain people from the Middle Ages.

Turn to page 184 Read page 184 Take a minute to discuss with someone next to you why what you read may be important.

What is going on? The Roman Empire ruled much of Europe, but barbarians had been attacking regularly since about A.D. 250

A.D. 500-1000 Roman civilization was disappearing as wars were waged Germanic tribes were coming in from the north Trade slowed Towns emptied Learning practically ended Europe was isolated from more advanced areas such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and China

A Land of Great Potential Rome linked its territories with roads, which made the spread of ideas easier Latin language Christianity Rome was a Mediterranean power, and the Germanic tribes wanted a Northern power Needed new civilizations

Resources Forests covered the north Rich soil was better for growing crops than the drier soils of the Mediterranean From Poland to Britain, there were also many minerals Access to the sea was also important to the growth of Europe Fishing Trade/Exploration Streams helped turn water wheels

Germanic Kingdoms Germanic tribes were farmers and herders No cities No written laws Small communities with unwritten customs instead Ruled by kings who led them to war

From 400-700 Western Europe was carved into small kingdoms Strongest kingdom was the Franks Clovis became their king in 481 Conquered former Roman province of Gaul, but preserved some Roman legacy Clovis converted to Christianity This earned him support from the Gauls and the Roman Catholic Church

Islam: A New Mediterranean Power Islam came to the Mediterranean area from the Middle East Began in Arabia in 632 Within 200 years, Muslims had began a new civilization and empire Won victories in North Africa and Spain before going to France

Muslims did not go any farther, but continued to rule Spain Charles Martel led the Franks to victory over the Muslims in the Battle of Tours in 732 Christians took this as a sign that God was on their side Muslims did not go any farther, but continued to rule Spain Living in the same area led to anxiety and anger, but there were some benefits Science Math

The Age of Charlemagne Charles the Great- Grandson of Charles Martel Linked an empire composed of France, Germany, and part of Italy Spent most of 46 year rule fighting the Muslims in Spain, Saxons in the north, Avars and Slavs in the east, and Lombards in Italy

Emperor of the Romans Pope Leo III needed help when rebellious Romans began causing uprisings Charlemagne fought them off and on Christmas Day of 800, the pope declared him “emperor” This revived the idea of a united Christian community Eastern Roman emperor did not accept this Led to a split between Eastern and Western Christian worlds Power struggle between Roman Catholic popes and Germanic emperors

Government Charlemagne worked to advance Christianity Missionaries worked on fringes of empire to convert Slavs and Saxons He appointed nobles to rule various regions Gave them land for support and soldiers for armies Misi dominici checked roads, listened to grievances, and made sure justice was done Officials

A Revival of Learning Keeping accurate records Charlemagne could read but not write Saw need for complete and accurate records Even the “educated” clergy were ignorant Promoting education and learning Set up a palace school at Aachen Taught grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy Used copies of the Bible and other Latin works as textbooks

Charlemagne’s Legacy Extended Christian civilization into northern Europe Blended different cultures German, Roman, Christian Set up strong, efficient governments

Charlemagne video http://www. history 4 minute video with plenty of information Take brief notes over what you find important After the video you will find a partner Take 1 minute to discuss what you found as important Socrative: Go to Socrative and put in my room number You and your partner may take the quiz together Room number= 3bd51b62

Exit ticket Grab your KWL paper You already should have your K and W L- what is something you learned/found interesting in class today? Hand your KWL paper to me on the way out the door

New Attacks Charlemagne died in 814 and empire soon fell Heirs battled for power next 30 years Treaty of Verdun split empire into three regions Late 800’s, Muslims conquered Sicily Mid 900’s attacks in Middle East required Muslim’s attention and their attacks subsided 896- Magyars settled in Hungary and took over eastern Europe Plundered parts of France, Germany, and Italy Pushed back to Hungary after 50 years

Most destructive raiders- Vikings! Expert sailors and fighters Burned communities and looted coasts from Ireland to Russia Scandanavia Norway, Sweden, Denmark Traders and Explorers Went around Mediterranean and crossed the Atlantic Leif Erikson set up a colony in North America