Modern Cell theory Cells are basic unit of life. All organisms are made of cells. Cells come from cells.

What are Schleiden and Schwann known for?

How can you tell a prokaryote from an Eukaryotic cell? Drawing of prokaryote eukaryote How can you tell a prokaryote from an Eukaryotic cell?

What are 3 functions of the cell nucleus?

FUNCTIONS OF NUCLEUS 1.Store genetic information 2.Regulate cell processes 3. Start the process of protein synthesis

Cell Part__Cell Wall Cellulose (structural carbohydrate) Function Support & protect Location Outside cell membrane ____________________________________ The __cell wall ___is like a Analogy Drawing _________Because it___ _____________________

________ location of protein synthesis

Cell Part_____________ Structure Mostly phospholipids plus some Protein channels & carbs. Function Regulate what goes in and out Location Outside of cytoplasm _____________________________________ The Cell membrane is like a Analogy Drawing __________Because it___ _____________________ -= -- = Analogy: windowScreen lets air in ei oat But not the Sags. lit t 11ttIl' .aaXfre 0-cellmembrane

Our cell membrane are complex with lots of moving parts. This allows some things to enter while keeping other things out.

Cell Part__________ Actual Drawing Structure Mostly water (cytosol) & organelles Function Site of chemical reactions Location Between cell membrane and nucleus _____________________________________ The cytoplasm is like a Analogy Drawing _____________Because it _____________________

Cell Part_______ Structure: membrane bound organelle with green granum (look like stack of pancakes) called thylakoids. Function: use light energy, water & CO2 to make sugar (energy storage molecule) Location: in the cytoplasm of Plants and some photosynthetic organisms _____________________________________ Analogy The chloroplast is like a solar collector because it converts light energy into another form of energy

Cell Part____________ Structure Membrane bound sac with folded membranes (cristae) Function Release energy from glucose (sugar) Location In Cytoplasm of plant and animal cells _____________________________________ The mitochondria is like a Analogy Drawing _power plant Because it releases energy from fuel

Cell Part_________ Actual Drawing Structure Membrane bound sac Function Store water, sugar, and salt Location In cytoplasm in plants _____________________________________ The large vacuole is like a Analogy Drawing Bottle of gatoraide because it stores sugar salt and water

Lysosome Structure- membrane bound sac Filled with enzymes Function-Break down Lipids carbohydrates and Proteins. Location- in the cytoplasm Picture- Analogy-

What is this process Describe the movement of molecules during diffusion. What speeds up diffusion?

Diffusion Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi permeable (also called selectively permeable) membrane.

_________diffusion through channel protein Describe the movement of molecules during facilitated diffusion. Does this type of diffusion require ATP (energy molecules) to get started?

? Describe the movement of the square molecules. Is energy required for this type of diffusion? What is the name of this type of transport? ?

Organization in living things animal Multicellular living things are organized from simple cell to complex organism. Place these in order from simplest to most complex. Organization in living things animal

What is meant by cellular respiration? brainstorm

Cellular (in cell ) Respiration (with oxygen) Plant & animal cells use sugar & oxygen to release energy. Cellular Respiration happens in the cell’s mitochondrion. The mitochondria put together the reactants, oxygen & sugar, and make the products carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. What are the runners doing once the race is over?

Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is NOT present this is referred to as fermentation. Lactic acid formation- damages muscles fermentation – yeast forms alcohol

Pictures from leaf to plastids Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function Energy captured Energy released Location Chloroplast Mitochondria Reactant CO2+H2O Carbon dioxide + water C6 H12 O6 + O2 Sugar + oxygen Product C6 H12 O6 + O2 Sugar + oxygen CO2 + H2O Carbon dioxide + water Equation 6CO2+6H2O C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 CO2+6H2O+ATP energy energy

Photosynthesis

What 2 factors limit cell size?

Cell size is limited by 2 factors: 1. When a cell gets too big the DNA gets overworked & fails this is called DNA overload. 2. Cells that are too large can not get food in and waste out and the cell dies.

As cells get larger their volume increases and they can’t get food in and waste out effectively. How can a cell prevent DNA overload and excessive volume from occurring while continuing to grow?

1 cell becomes 2 genetically identical cells. Making somatic or body cells.

Cells divide to reduce their volume making it easier for the DNA to control all processes and making it easier to transport food and waste throughout the cell efficiently.

What is it called when cells reproduce out of control? Cells gone wild!!! Normal Cells

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled mitosis (uncontrolled cell division) due to a change in the DNA. Malignant cancer cells can migrate to other parts of the body and spread cancer to those areas.

DNA What is this structure called? What does a DNA nucleotide monomer consist of?

Chromosomes are made of DNA

What is this process called.

What are the steps of DNA replication?

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA DNA ONLY Both RNA ONLY

Relation between gene and protein. Genes are the recipe for making proteins

When DNA is rewritten as mRNA the process is called ________.

mRNA Decoder Wheel

mRNA Decoder Chart

In this part of protein synthesis you go from the language of nitrogen bases to the language of amino acids it is called ______ 3 letters of mRNA that code for an amino acid is called a ________

A gene mutation affects one gene. Chromosomal mutations affect many genes. Both can be deadly. What can be used to diagnose a monosomy or trysomy?

What sex is this person?

Genetic Engineering – humans changing the genetic code.

What is this process called. How is it done?