The Mexican Revolution What were reasons for the Mexican Revolution?

I. Mexico Under Pres. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, 1833-1855* A. From wealthy Creole family, Mex. Ind. Leader, B. Americans challenge Santa Anna for Tejas (TX) independence. 1. Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses in 1836  “Republic of Texas” C. 1848: Santa Anna loses Mexican-American War (1846-1848) II. Benito Juarez, orphan, Zapotec Indian, Liberal Reformer A. 1847: Liberal Gov’r of Oaxaca, begins La Reforma to remove “dictator” Pres. Santa Anna, get land reform, better education system B. Juarez becomes Pres. of Mex. in 1861 C. 1862: France invades Mexico, 1864: Napoleon III (Fr) puts Maximillian von Hapsburg as Emperor of Mexico D. 1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfirio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

III. The Porfiriato (1876-1911) Period, “Pan o Palo!” Exiled A. #1 Pres. Porfirio Diaz, Mex. Ind. from Oaxaca 1. After Juarez’ death, Diaz industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US) 2. Helps rich & Cath. Church, does little to help poor & Indians 3. Becomes a dictator “Pan O Palo!” 4. 1910: His opponent for the presidency, Francisco Madero, is jailed! B. Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution. C. 1911: Madero, helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, overthrows Diaz who goes into exile Zapata Pancho Villa

IV. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915) A. 1911: #2 Francisco Madero (“Father of the Rev.”) becomes Pres. B. Emiliano Zapata wants land reform (take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants). 1. Madero rejects idea C. Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform) D. Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed 1. Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison E. 1913: #3 Gen Huerta (counterrevolutionary) overthrows Madero, has Madero executed 1. Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship Executed Tierra y Libertad

V. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920) A. Villa returns to overthrow Huerta B. Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza C. Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres D. 1915: US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa & his Villaistas rob & kill Americans in New Mexico E. Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught F. 1917: Civil War Ends  New Constitution G. April, 1919: Zapata is killed in an ambush by Carranza supporter Assassinated Assassinated Exiled Pedro Lascurain (45mins), After Huerta, Francisco Carvajal 1 month Gen Pablo Gonzalez men ambush Zapata

VI. Mexican Revolution: Obregon & Calles (1920-1928) A. 1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon wins next election 1. has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church 2. Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency B. 1924: #6 Plutarco Calles 3. Poor relations with Church (Christero War) 4. Doesn’t seek reelection, allowing Obregon to run 1. 1929: founds Mexico’s PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) 2. fights w/ US over oil C. 1928: Obregon wins election but is assassinated by Catholic militant Assassinated Assassinated

Voices From the Past: Pancho Villa Why did young Doreteo Arrango flee his village? What were Villa’s best soldiers called during the Mexican Rev? Why was he known as a Mexican Robin Hood? How could Villa be ruthless? How was Villa eventually killed?