Artificial Intelligence frameworks in Latin America mapping drivers and potential outcomes Carolina aguerre CETyS / Universidad de San Andres

introduction Since 2017 when Canada released the first pan-Canadian ai strategy more than 30 countries have joined the race. Latin America has formally produced only one national approach – Mexico - but there are several initiatives to produce a strategy for the issue at the national level as well as legislative initiatives.

questions What are drivers and motivations for the development of an ai strategy at the national level? Which are the regimes that are influencing the debates?

Methodology Document analysis Fifteen interviews to relevant stakeholders in different countries Participation in regional working groups (fair, iadb; network of centers on ai, ethics and data governance,)

Ai in a glimpse General purpose technology In use since 1956 Ai revolution early 2000’s – machine learning vast data resources Enhanced computing power Mathematical breakthroughs - neural networks

framework Data and digital infrastructure Government and public services Skills/Education Ethics R&D

MEXICO Lessons learned 1 promotion of multistakeholder leadership Strategy IA-MX, Mexico becomes one of the first 10 countries to have clear actions to promote the development, adoption, and use of AI Lessons learned 1 promotion of multistakeholder leadership 2. discrimination between possibility and desirability 3. Opportunism 4. Identify and ensure funding 5.Organization of the different conversations. Sstrategy has nt been implemented with the new government. Re-evaluation.

URUGUAY (public consultation phase) The general objective of the strategy is to promote and strengthen the responsible use of AI in the Public Administration. In this framework, four pillars have been identified that they make up this strategy, each of them with specific objectives and lines of action. 1. Governance of AI in the Public Administration. 2. Capacity development for AI. 3. Use and application of the AI. 4. Digital citizenship and AI.

ARGENTINA (work in progress) strategy drivers: to mitigate harms and adequately address the concerns raised by AI Harness Opportunities raised by AI: develop applications of AI in economy and different productive sectors Strategy development: in consultation with multiple stakeholders. Multiple government agencies of the national government (legislative venture for a federal council on AI , draft)

COLOMBIA (incipient) Endorsed the Recommendation of the Oecd council on AI (May 2019) Country determined to use ai for economic growth and productive transformation in the “fourth industrial revolution”. Focus on entrepreneurship and skill development (“Colombia emprende”) Inclusion of AI based technologies in the public administration and judiciary

CHILE (incipient) Digitized public administration Data sharing concerns in the national public bodies: privacy and ethical challenge Multistakeholder approach. Legislative attempts to curb automatized decisions and profiling

Heat map: COLORS REPRESENT THE EMPHASIS OF THE ISSUE WITHINGH EACH APPROACH, NOT a comparison among countries Government and public services Ethics Data and digital infrastructure Capacity, skills and education R&D Regime/ Institutional influence Mexico OECD, D9, UK Uruguay D9 Argentina OECD, G20 Chile OECD Colombia

FINAL COMMENTS strategies in countries that are arriving late to the AI race. Focus on development and national regulation. Addressing the added value of national strategies. Strategies as incentives. Role of Digital agendas Data Governance: pending

THANK YOU / gracias @CAROLINAAGUERRE AGUERRE@UDESA.EDU.AR