Cumulative mortality over 60 months in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and an initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50% predicted who never (n=382), partially (n=357) or always (n=390) received augmentation therapy. Cumulative mortality over 60 months in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and an initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50% predicted who never (n=382), partially (n=357) or always (n=390) received augmentation therapy. Reproduced with modification from [8] with permission from the publisher. Helmut Teschler Eur Respir Rev 2015;24:46-51 ©2015 by European Respiratory Society